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xv | rn~mpx rx RKrM YhK[zn?

~vp nxp {h~ ~vpl Yfx K {p f {hl cprx  Rll | rn~mpx z~x. tp {p~[ rn zbpxY ~vpl Yfx lt ~ | rn~mpx z~ ~vpl Yfx {l |vp Yfx cprx  tx. Rpyory vz x[x ~vplYfx z~ {Mjp Yy R ~mpx ry v[K rllN ({Mlvp RKry - rpv rllN) r YhK[z rM{lx t{ Xt nppn? YhK[z ~vpl Yfx yj cp|p vl ~v[ Yvxp RrYf{ Rul{ [~, ylpryx R~z ~vpz Ypn A {p{f cprx  R t{f ~oY Rl. ~vpl Yfx  ~vp nxp [p ~ly R ry {| Yl ~{Y  ~ty[v{f ~Ktpo ~ly nYpf pl. W~v Sry {| Yl{z ~qp {p ~vpl Yfx, Yzx ~ ]{rx Rly ]{rxf R~pp lpY rf tj t{ { xlx.
K ~fp yj t RrYf { vz ~vpl Yfx rtq{x. vv Sry ~vpl Yfx rv rtq ~oY ~l [pm{zp l{y Yy Wx ryn lyly ~v[ n lzplvY ~~ tz ~tv ~vpl Yfx rtq{ [vpxYf Wx x.
fz[ ~xv, r {|x, ~vpl r~Y, ~z t {|x, ~z mr {|x, v {|x, YhxK rl xp vz|, ~xzzv ylpry R~z ~vp Ypn rtq ~fpY v p{x. pvl, yj v[v R~z ~vpl YfxY rtq Rry lylyY Rl. ~z t {|x vz{yf | rn {|x ~zYj vY ~qpx.
Yz rn|x v RYl pK p[ yc[ u{pxf {h Wlp X ~p v{p zn ~lY { ylp vjhrx yv { ylp vjhrx {h q { { Ry rp {M[ {q{ p[ vpY ~vx ~p r{y Wlp oMv n|p Yy p~pp p[f ~vpl Yfx rn zbpx nY{ rM{l rplx { yjx Yy Wxp {h [pY (]{r) [t rx vp ([j{Mop, . . W~. (~~), ~z t {|x, rY: ~vx{Mop 1998. r.159)
~z t {|x Rp{ Yz rn|x v RYl pK p[ yc[ v[{ R~zv lpY ~vpl Yfx ~ rf tp t{ { xlx. W~v Yzx ~ ]{rx Rly ]{rxf R~pp lpY ~vpl Yfx ~ rf tp t{ { xlx. W~ pK ry Yz yc rx t~py rln? p[py rln xp [f{ ~x xlx.
t{|x Rp{ tno Yzx zYN p[rx  Yzx p[yc nYY  Rl. vRYl p yc[ rn|x Yxx. vRYl yc[ Yzxf Slvl R~pp x[xY Rp zn [Y cY fz Rp zn ryv zY ~xKn p[ rn| ~zYj Yy Rl. W p[ rn| ~zYj Yy Rll [c~p ([[ px/v{z pxf rp y[p[px{zf (yjxf) Rxl rn|xY v[vf T~p [ {. Wv ~mpx p[Z (Nagaduba) ~ p[xyx (Nageiroi) pK WY ` p[ rn| nY. (yppn Yzj{| , zYN W~Y u ~xK 1987 - 26 rf{) vx ~l pK p[ rn| nY Rll {|xpv zYN p[py rlf Rxl t{ rxx. tno Yzx Yzx yc Y vR[Y pv p[ yclv zYN t~py rl yc Y t{ {Mlvp r[vx. pvl Tf rf ~oY pz z{ R~z v{ |z zrxp v{x.
v R[]Y ycv yx (Wzz{z Koppn ; p. r. . U. r. ~z tno Uyvx, 286 rf{) {Mlvp rppy ~YYx ~[zf ~lrK xY p pz z{ R~z (WY ~{p) R~zp v{ |z zrx. v R[x ycv yx K v R[]Y pK ycv yxf Wv pv {fj tp[ zY [vp  ~Ktpo v R[]Y p[yc ~vf x xlx. W~ pK Wv pv x rp~zY W N Wlv[ rzp rn|x Rxl ~mpxY x xlx. v{| YN ~qp YzxpYjY rn|x Yz~~ yc[ Yz rn|x t{f vlxY Rl. vaMx Rtx RMx~ K rtq{ Rn~ nY{ Rl. rlz ~f nYj rpv rll{ lY rn|xY YzxpYjY pp r~no{ r{ t{ v{| YN ~qpx. YzxpYjY xp v[vf y p{ rn|xY tp K nnp (Y{p~~-yvnx) A n{~v {~x Yyppf Rlx ~v }Yy pN.
vaMx Rtx RMx~, t {xp; 2005 vMl 30) K ~ ry {| Yl{z ~qp Yzx rlz rpv ~ R{f rn|x t{ ~Yx. K ~ {| Yl{z ~fp{ R ~vpl Yfx rx xll rpv ]{rx Rly vn lpY x xlx. rpv rllN YhK[z lr{px R rM{lxYn ~vpl YfxY [p rv ~[l ~lyxY x x.
[Yp[ zYN rpvf py{ W ~vpl Yfx rv v~x. p[py rl RKry, rpv rllN YhK[z lr{px l vv rM{lx J. rpv Yvp vM[x 7 - 8 ~lrK Yj Rlp (~z{ Wx y) ~lrK nYY yY YhKzf x xlx. W |z [z rM{l nYY v {yf R~pp{ Rl. vxp |z rM{lx tK[zx. Wx vl ~zphyYy ~lrx. Tf pp n{p rM{lx Rr[ Yl pxYx { ryvY R| ~vp Rp[ Y ~vpl Yfxx. A vl Yh ~mr lp. K W R t zr lp.
1. |vp Yf zj
2. ryvY R| |vp zj |[|
(Koppn , Wzz{z p[py rl  Uly rl ~z tno Uyvx - 2004 110 -114 rf)
YhK[z |z zrx r [z rM{lx rz{v |vp Yfx (~vp Yfx) z~ p{ Rl. K |vp Yfx rv  {| Yl{z ~qp |vp Yfx rv WY ~vpx. YhK[z zp rc Y ryvY R| |vp Rll {|xpv K |Zyxf ~vp ~vp pv rftvf l { r~Yzp{ n{l{xf p{ rn[zx x x. |vp[ pvf ry R R| pv |}j rnx R|M{n zl xp Ryl R rYl [y{Mm{ rnx. K ~ fz[ ~xvp Rn~ Y [Yp [ r ~rlz ~l ~mpx vv YhK[z ~vpl Yfx pK rM{lxx. Wx . r. 2 ~x{~ ~f . {. 3 ~x{~ lY Rh lyK ~x{~ rY{l yj cprx{  R t{ fz[ ~xK RplM[l vpv rpx. rpv rll{ ry Yzx ~, vz cx~x vl Rn~ Y Yzx ~rlz vv ~mpxv x xlx. v R RY}y . r. n{p ~x{~f Rxlx. K ~ Y{p~~ x[x ~ |vp r~Yzp{ n{l{xf p{ X tnoYzp rn[zxY z~ {| Yl{z {y ~lyxY R t{ rxx. K rtq y{z ~ RpnzplvY Rn~Y Srl Y vz cx~x vl yj Yzx vxYxp[ {c | rlzY ~ly Yy Rl.
vylp {p~ {h ~ n{pr~, f[vj x[x r{ ~ ~z tnoxY p p~ ~vpz [y Rpyory Rux[x  Yzx (rpv) rf { t ~rlz, tp {h ~ ~vy lpn, rol, rl ol  nplolpn vl t t{ t~l {yn vxp t nvl ~v[ zYN rz {. (cx~x, vz: yj RrYf ry{ll, ~x rY|x 75 rf{) cx~x vl p[l {n[lv n {pp | rlz vxYxp[ r~ Yzp r{n ~ ~t S~ Yyj p{p t{x. Wtp u[zx rv Rp{, YhxK rl ~ t{| { Sry [pm{z ~qp ~vpl Yfx YhK[z ~vpl Yfx WYv ~vpl YfxY x xlx.
n{l{x p{ |vp[ W~Y lyly ~Yv |z zr v[p Rp{yjx  Rl. |vp Yf {l ~vp Yfx  ~Ktpo ryvY R| |vj WYly x[xY R [y{x rn[zxY t{ ~Y{v { x. K xp ryvY R| |vj [ t{ |l{v {  |z zr [jp{Yv yj ycox ry ~mp [jp{pv p[p Rl. K Rlp rx[z r |z zr lyY {n[lx.
ryvY l |vp l ryvY Rux zj
ryvY l rl ryvY l |vp  zj
ryvY |vp  zj
n{prx vyc [ Rtx  l ryvY l |vp  Y znY zj
(n{prx vyc [v Rtx[ q {l ryvY l |vp[ xx {l, zcY[ zj)
(vv ~zzr Urf [pp Wzz{z Koppn xp[ Uly rl  p[py rl ~z tno Uyvx rl. 424 - 438 rf)
f Rvly{ n yzp,  rYj z, {y[z, y{, SYr Ypn, vzzYKvz, x[j {l rYj{ R ~mp [jp{Yv ryvY R| |vj pv rn[zxY[ pv ~qp |z zr [jp{Yv Rl. A zr{z RY}y yr ~ ~vYzp ~ ryvY R| |vj, ryvY l |vp, ryvY |vp R oYyxp p{ Rll WYv ~vp YpY t{ ~x x.
rx[z zrx ~qp {p n{prx vyc [ Rtx f[vj yclv z~ Wzz{z Koppn xp p[p Rl. Wtp ryvY l |vp[ xx { zcY f[vj yc[ ~{. K ~ ryvY l |vp xp f[vj yc[ l~{ uy{ ~ zox. W~ pK r~Yzp{ ~vp ~vp nx z~ n{l{xf rl{ Rll f[vj yc[ l ~{ uy{ ~ zoxY t{ nl xlx. W~v K xp ryvY l |vj {l ryvY R| |vp ~vYzp x[x ycxp[ [ytvp zt Rx. ryvY R| |vp[ vyjxp r~{ X |vp Yfx R{f nxY z~ Sr R cpr{nxY cprx  ~vp nx pv r{nx rz  R t{ ~x x. Sry {|Yl{z ~qp {p ~vpl Yfx, Yzx ~ ]{rx Rly ]{rxf R~pp R lp~xY rvj U~p xl YhK[z t{ nl xlx. W~v Sry {| Yl {z x{p Yzx zYN p[py rl rpv rll{ ~ t~py rl r ~mpxY pN. xv {lvp Yzx Rpyory R[u[x cprx {{Y ~ Sry {| Yl{z ~qp {p xv Yzx p{p t{f vl{ ~pm {p Yyj. tp {p~[ rn zbpxY ~vpl Yfx lt ~ | rn~mpx z~ ~vpl Yfx {l |vp Yfx cprx  tx. xv ~vpl Yfx {l, | rn~mpx RKry rpv rllN r YhK[z ~ {Mlvpx  Rr {pnp Yyp ~mpx | rn~mpx p{p t{ nl xlx.
~vpz Ypn R 7360 U~ zYN ly{p U~ Ypnx. yf ry rpp vv ~pny |Zyxf | rn pvx Ryrjx {x Rpyory rxp r~{x. (Tf ry | rnx  tp yc[p Yl R {pp yj | rnxfx.) rppy x[x 1 cxt, ryYvt, ||Yvzz { rtz yc{y vv ~ty[v | rnx {pnp Yy r~YK ~zY {xj Yy Rl. Rn r{p lll{xf | rnx ~Y~ {x nwnx x[xx. A Rp{ . {. 13 {p ~x{~  2 {p ryYvt yc ~ty[vN vY YK Yy Rl. Wx uy{ ~x RMx Yvn{ pv h Rvx. lv R[p vY SzzK ~x[p Rl. A{xp [hf [l vY op YM rp yclv yjf Rr ~vp ~vp nxpf n{zxY vf Yfxl Yy Rl. (Rl yjf ~ty[v{n Rxlx.) RMx Yvn{ Rvx vz~ ~ty[v v ~vp n{zx lp W phll{f (l{ Yfxl  ryy ~q) [KK rc Y t{ Wxf r  ~pp~p x{x. A Rp{ 2 ryYvt yc v~vp n{zxf rcY WY [vY {pp ylpry - rzvhzz Rly r ~pp~[vx. RpY [v{x.
zzp ~pp~[v
y/[pYpn vo nzx