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Ypn~ {G y{j ~YDb

{f p{xY nY{ [yj vv ~YDb Rpp lll{xYf rl{ Rll UlM RMtnxf Q zY ycx ztnp ~v {x  W tzlz rtq zl ryp{Y p 10 Y Rll nv cY ~popx v[p Szzv ~x. Q zY ycx K Ypn~xf WY` {pp plpK ~YDb x{zx l [fv ~vp rzY p t{fn nv ~popx ~p Q zY ycx xlxpf rp{ p t{ n {Ml {x.

K n{~{z Y[l Yltf zY {x UlM RMtnxf n|rzp ~vY ~vf ycx  nv cY ~popx Rly r{ ~YDb rtq{x. v~ RfY rvj ~~ r{ K ~YDb Rlyv[ p{p lll{xY p Mvjx {p tp t{ K p{z ztp Ry vM[{zp rp. cY vpv clply{n ~|} R{opxY p [vf ~vl{ t K ~YDb RrY}l Ryvjf xvf Yzp v~ p{K zYj Uv UlM RMtnxf n|rzp ~vY tzryll { t rM|{ vxf rl Y l{Y  Rl. {Ml{p xf K ~YDb x{zx v{ lpYf lz vf vzY{ tzr Rll nv cY ~popx ~p Srl Yyp zt Ypn~x. Ypn~ yl{ Rywj ~YDb{zxY v~ Ypn~xY ~ q{fp lll{xY U  Rl.
f {~yYf pRh YzxY vzz r{p RMtnxYf y~y ~vY ~K rnpv {fj vv RMtnxf rajh vj{yY p Y ~opx xnvx {|xp rycx vp r~x. K RMtnx ~K  vlY r{ ropv toYx {x Y l~l{nxx. Wv l~l{nx p| vp r~ Q zY ycx nv cpl{[ roplv n|rzp {ryx xf ~zx  nv cY ~popx ~v[ ~YDb RyKu Yx. Wv ~YDb RyKu {x 2011 cp{ v~xx. Wlp ~f v~ RfYf p{ YzxY l ~YDb {f p{xY Q zY ycx  nv cY ~popx Rly r{l.

Ypn~xY p

K ~YDb ~q nrM|{xpv vz r xl vjhzxY rl Y. K lll{xp rz {pp nrM|{xv y~y ~vY ~K Upp{p  BpYvp K ~YDb x{zxf r lt R t{x. Rr vzpv ~qp YY vp K ~YDb l nppf ztj ~|} zY}jxY {x ~ Ypn~xY Srl pYy {l vp~p vv x{zxf R{Mj vx.
r~[x Yzx vzzv {p{y r{ ~YDb q {fj nrM|{xp WY rM|{xY ~p Yvp  Ypn~ vl ~y Yfxl Yyp zv ~x. WzTx |Yvl{ xlvY { ~vx K lll{x rtz z~ vl  RNx. ~{p, ~{ Rjh{Yf ~~l ztx p Yyj Yyj ~x Ypn~ z~ S~~yf vf Y ~opx vfv {[tz [llx. v~ Ypn~ nv TK xnox l{l rx{yY Sxf [p xvf R{| yvx X{ zt[l. Rlx r{ ~v ~YDb ~xzzYv R{~p Cnx rajhl{xYf lz {x WzTx K Yg UrYv l{.
2005  tzxf r ycrY} Rjh{ 2009 vx v~x  vvpv rycx Y Q zYN ~vx R vz roplv toYx t{f rl{ ~ K ~ppno {ryxx. ~ppno {ryx rycx Yyp Rlyv ycrY} Rjh{ ryp{Y n ppx. WpK lvp n|rzp ~vY ~qn Yfxl Yyp t{x. Spx{ rvZ clply rc{n Y ~opx rycx vf R{| ~x[x pRh{ zt pp UlM RMtnxf n|rzp ~vY K Ruz}x. Q zY Rjh{ nv cY ~popx ~v[ ~YDb RyKu Yypp v{ r~vY lx. A ~v K ~YDb x{zx Yy ~|} R{opxY xv  t.

~x Ypn~xY Wx

{f p{xY nY{ [yj vv ~YDb Rpp lll{xYf rl{ Rll UlM RMtnxf Q zY ycx ztnp ~v {x  W tzlz rtq zl ryp{Y p 10 Y Rll nv cY ~popx v[p Szzv ~x. Q zY ycx K Ypn~xf WY` {pp plpK ~YDb x{zx l [fv ~vp rzY p t{fn nv ~popx ~p Q zY ycx xlxpf rp{ p t{ n {Ml {x.
ycx xlxY f ray nY{p r{~ Rll, UlM RMtnxf ztnp ~v ~Ktpoxp zl ryp{Y vf p t{x.
~ ty tzrvp ly{ n~ {frf{Y RyKu {j K ~YDb{zxf ~xv v{ Ypn~xY vlv r~r~ R n|rzpx lyK [v {hlv {n[lx. n|Y xYf pRh YzxY ~~ R R Sxf R RMtnxYf Yvx ~vY RrY} v r[l p lll{x. RpY rllp vv ~YDb x{zx ry{fv nv cY ~popx Srl Y NapxY Yy K vl R{opx xv v n {n[lx. WpK Rjh{ rM|{xp np ztp ryp rx[Y lzx xlvY p{p t{x. nv cY ~popx r{~p Rpnvf Wx ~l YyjxY {{l, ~v~l ~YDb x{zxv Rlyv[ Rpp RYyx Ypn~xY rpvp rppp nv cY ~popx n|rzp {ryxY xf ~x cpl{[ ~t {{vp{p lyK [vf R~vl R t{x.
Rlx ~ { ~v x{zx l t R{~m{p WzTx v{ Ypn~ Srl Yy ~YDb{zp S{l vf v[r [ll ~x WYv SzYYx { Tv p [K Ryvj ry Yy[px. pvl rclpl{ {ryxY z~ nv cY ~popxf Wz~ Yfxl Y px. W~v {pv ycxY  ~{x rzpx { ~Yzr UlM tlyxY cpl{[ ~l lp Rl  Rl. v{ K vGfp cx[l p Ryvj vl rf Yfxl vp ~ { p|x UlM cpl{ ~x~pv Y Wxp R|x rh{f rl x.
W~ pK X{p[ p WYv RrY}{  Rll q{fj ~x RMYx p[ ~f{[p ~vx ~lf r r~yxY {l vx. A ~q X{pf R{| {pp lv v{ u}{p ~x Yfxl ~Yy[l  rrzpvx {x.
nlp{ {{~m ~|opxp xcp Yy tj n W{ ~v. Wx  xlvY pvf tzrN UlM ~ppno {ryxY xlvY vx. K {p f Wv toYx S{l  Q zY ycx n Wv {x vl rf n|rzp ~vYf xv ~Ktpoxp ~x Yvll rY| Yy Rl. Rr R~z{~ yf{p Spx{n z {|xp ppp{l Q zY{f xcp Yypp 13 { {{~m ~|opx vl rnpK { ~v. Wv[p rz {pp hyz  Tf W [x ~vY rtq YY{ l{yfl vyff {z[ p t{x. nv cY ~popx n vv xmMmx p lyK[p ~p{f ~ ~YxY pl.

hx~ryN Ul~x

pvl vv ~YDb x{zx n~ vz ~fv {ry R~p t hx~ry rc{ xcpx Yyp RlK ~op nv ~popx vv ~YDb x{zxp Rl vf [l  ~v Ul~xYv [llx.
Q zY Rjh{f xn Rryo anp p[p lv tK{ {ryx Sxf [p xvf Y~Y{p v YjhxK nv cY ~popx Rjh{ ~v[ ~YDb x{zxYf WYv lv Ryvjf to{Y z~ n. l{l xp {l vv YjhxK xcpx Y Rpl{ Yf~ ~lN K ~YDb r{lvp nv cY ~popx Q zY Rjh{ xn Rryo anp{p [z{ [vf Rxp UrYy Yyp t{x. nv cY ~popx RlK Rpl{ pxYxn Wv Rn~v R{oyjx Yyppf {.
Q zY Rjh{ nv cY ~popx ~v[ ~v ~YDb r{l{p t{f zYxf `{p clply tzrK{zp [z{ppf Ul~ Yyp t{ X{p[ vlx x. r~[x rl rzp bpn Yzx vv pxYxp lv rop ~fp rgx t{f rl Yy [ll n W vl{nxx. RlK nv r{lrl n vv vlxv ~vc[l vf Yfxl Y x.
r~[x 23 { r{l{p zn rl rzp 63 Y ~q { bpn v~K  UlM rl rzp R tlyxY[ tzx nv cY ~popxf {pp v{ r~vYx. vv cx[jx RlK nv n|rzp ayYxp ~p [ Yy tj, K bpn rszzp rz {pp nv cpl{ ~{x rzpxY R{|l{ R{oyjx vY t{lx.
1977 v v{yjx  {pv ycxY {p{p UlM nv cpl{ nv WY~l vY ryvjf p cp{yvf ~vp Yf v{y bpn rszx [ vf n nv cY ~popx RlK pxYxp Ul~ [l. vv vlx cpl{ Rlyf [p xv ~q X{ lvpf  ~v Ul~xYv [pp Rxy x x.
vv cx[jx vnl Yjxp [ vf nv cY ~popx ~{Yl Ul~ Yyp t{Y rpppf pl. vv lll{x ~tpv nv cpl{f R[xY [px  Rlyv, Wx rl rzp Rxlp{z tzx nv cY ~popxf ztvp nv cpl{ p r{hx {yn{ xvY xf n rp{ x x.

{y RMm YmpxY

1977 v v{yjx  nv cpl{ nv WY~l vY ryvjf bpnx zt np p r{hx {pv ycxY {p{p ztj cp{yvY xf {y RMmYlpxY zt vf xvp nv WY~l vY ryvjf vpv UlM nv cpl{fn Rlvf ~ { x ~rf pN. Wx yfY {|xp Q zY{ Rr~~f Rn v yjxYn x.
Wv {y RMmYlpx lp vl { ~ppno {ryx rycx vf n|Y lpYf pRh YzxY [l { Rly K Yzx l yff R {  tx.
nv cY ~popx Ypn~ rp{p ~v ~YDb Rpp lll{xY Mvjx Yy Rl{nx Sxf [p xK Ryvjpn, pW~ pK ~YDb x{zx l t Rhrh l{pn xpp npp ~YDb{f ~Ktpo { K rM|{ nY xlxp rv. K {p fl ~YDb Rpv ~Ktpoxp nrM|{x Rp[vpx Yyp ~pp ~xK k r{l.
W~ pK UlM RMtnxf ~K ~K x{zxf YvY ~x n?
vv RMtnxf ~Ktpo WY rM|{xY ~v[ rvjY ~YDb v {p{f rMzKpl lK YyY ~u{Y y ~vY Srl v Yy Rjh{ ~p |{~xp r~{x. ~xv rM|{xp Rn~ [pYy[p A v[p Q zY{f [rp ~vY ztx  xx Rjh{ |{~ Yyx.
nv cY ~popx ~v[ r{l{[p R ~YDb Rpp lll{xY Mvjx v ~Ktpoxp Rjh{ Yztzxf rl p{pp A ~v x x.
A Y~ {ll Q zYN rop rY}x {p WY~l cY rY}x vpv nv cY ~popxn rMzKpl lK YyY ~u{ ~Ktpoxp l{vl |l Rn~Y Srl Yy pl.
u}j zYylp