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YKYy ~nyxp[ px

Yz~ ~. zN rxlv

Rr r ~px vx rv { Rnf {h y~{l pxY z~ `xx. YlzYxpf vx rv {  YKYy c~ vp[ v[zx px  Rl. ~x pxY {{l Wp {h pxY ~ Un rzzx rc{ R{Mx  Rl. rc{p r~ lvp x{f rD Yyp Rxo tp~y Yy [v ~N. UyjxY z~ vz~ rY| Y x. {h {h Yyp YpY xN  ul Yyp UrYyjxY tp~y Yy [vf n{~mpxf [p Av ~lY  t. Wv UrYyjx xpY, xlY  {pl RxoxY x x. r~z vpf tj Rxox pl rp tp Rr rp [p Wx tp~y Yy [vf rzzx rc{f xv ~lY  t. W r~z vp rD Y RGz~ a Ytp rpY p{ Yf rp  pl rp tp r{pfl rp ~p YzxY rD vf x{ t. [K{z tx~Yz M~ { ly[ ptj pNx. Wpvl A ~~Yx  ~x{ Rn p{ ~  xpx ~ Slvl YMxtz ~l Wf {h Rn r|p ~Mj  R ~l x x.
v{y zYN vx rv { YKYy px r{l{p r~lzx lyvY {p~x. {~y 30Y rvj YzxY ry r{ {l{yjx R{~p {{n WY~l cp[ ~opx zY{ {l R`zz [ Yy vl zY ~vcx Rll ~pf nyppf ~ R RY {p xnv yc ~{Yxp Yl Yyp ~{Y |vx  ~{Y RMm~oY Ryvnz p{lv lll{x { vzY Yyj Yyj rxY ~v[p YKYy px ~vvf ~ Rl.
Yx {~ {h Yyp Rx{, YKYy{p[ [jxf vl, vp~ {~ {h Yyp Rxf U~~  ~vcx S r[vYf zY vfl R rzwv ~ Rn ~vcx l YKYy{ pv {apxf Sl Rh zp~{Y z R {[ Sl rzx. |}xp R~xY yf{z vv lll{x rtz{ r{. YKYy{ Yv {apx l Rr Rllpf o RMm Ympxp [J Rl. p[l YpY, vh Y, rrl lpllY, Yll Uzz {h Yyp YpY, Yx {~ {h Yyp xp |yxp nx rfv vrYvY, ~vcx {n[l lpYf [vf Rr~, x{p tz lpllY... xp {|xp YKYy{ [p Rh{p lppf ry  Rl.
vz{ {l {p ~v Yv {h Y xl t{ Rn t Rx[ R{toxp Rl{ Rl. Wx tyrl Cn{aYx. A ~v Yx {~ppf RYvv tnx {~p x ~q ly[K{zf xv  l R{z Yy [pp tn p { Rllp pK Rn tz t{ Sl rzx. Wpvl WY ryv ~lxY Rl. Wx pK ~{N ~{yrx YvY {{l ~[p ~vcxf  v r~yxfv Sf x xl ~{x pr Sf Y xl N xppx. W Yx {~p x n tnx {~p x n p{ lvp[ xN ~xf x{ vl ~vcxf v{yY Sf vl vp{x[ ryv xlYv t{ rz N. |no { r{lv r{~px {h pYypp Ry p{ql{ xp{. (2 l~zY 3.10)
l nv U[p{p z~ ~v ~Yv {h Y xl N. Wx zY Mvjx Sxf [p xp K zYx RyY} Yy [vfl, ~[ l r~ Yy [vl ~v YpYv o vGfK l {h Y xl N. Wx Rr ~v np {lv r{yp {[vY N.
YlzY ~vc nM|px rtq{ |{ zZp  Rp|~p rl [jp{Y lp zYxf  YKYy cpl{f Yl Yy Rl. {Mlvp zYx |no { ~u{ pv |{ zZpx Wxp Yr rpx. YMY rz{x ~ zYx l R RlK }v rsz ~ R {p }Yyl{p[p rl rp RyY} Yy [vf n YKYy Rxp ~vf n ~{Y  Krlp ~l xlYK rp{ vf n ~x |z oMvx R{to Yyvf n 13 {p zx rr {p~ 1891  {~p ~~ pv rY|px Yl Yyp zYxf Yl Yx.
.{. 1914-1919 Rly R { rv zY xnox, 1929-1931 Rly R { zY RMY rx ~vzapx Yyp xi {p rx~ rr {p~ 1931 ~l~ {~y pv rY|px lp cpl{f Yl Yx.
vz~p YKYy{ [p yplyxpv YlzY ~u{ cpl{[ RolY lxf ~l rrlp Srl Yyp Rly ~u rx{y vz x[x ~fv |. c~ vp[ ryrx YKYy{p {l xv Yypx YKYy c~ vp xp{.
Rn zY cpl{f R{| {px Rr yG ~t xmMmx xYy{ R{to Yy[p yf {p{p  yG {l {p ~v ry{~xY {p{p ~lp {h Yfxl vx. R{~p{Yf vp Rn Rr Rll o rnpK vl {pK t Rx[ vp~ Rl. A ~v r xrl  l{ YpYf [y vY xp RolY pwy{ p  Rl. vp{x lv ~ny vp{xf Y xl ~{ Yf~Y Rl. Wx ly Jy [p Xf  Rxf R~oyjxY  Nnp{Y p{p Rxp Yfxl v vzYv [~v N. Wv [~vf tv  A [~v pq RZjh{ Sxf [p xv YKYy px Rr Y{yl ~x xl N. Wf ~y Yv, RxYx, R~oyjx, r[v, u}jx, {a{, RlvMmYl{x, tz{l  rlx xp {ap vz{ lxp lyp Yy ~nyx pv rcx  [y{pl {apx zx ~f RMmpl{ Yfry UDayjx vf  N.