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h {h Rp Rlf ~yYy[l ~Y

Xpp Rnl YH vnzz {pp pK vv... vzzz lpnp WYY ~zzK Yyn Mylp vvl xpp K Yl{v x. X r Yzxl rx Y Rl G vnz [{~p ~p~YyxY[ alxfv x. vzzz lpnpY[ zY Rxx xf hJ.A.. Mylp Urpp vly Y{zz ynpr [K x. X[ v{ Y. rv{ { Rly rx hJ.A. p~ {x x. X Y fz }lx x{. Y rfN ly npYf Ypp Rpp nppf rx[ {fr rvj{l {x pl.
vf vlYx RMY }Yyl{zp Rr qfv rh qr . v[ WYv ~ Y~ ryv rp S tj. Rr YYz{zf K~ ~rll tj p. K R[`YK pv vf Bp {j qf S[p[p K lll{xp npp.
Mylp r Yz rfpv jl {hjl WY WY p[ [{z{zx. K p X Rorpx zt r~z [jp ly. vzv Yz tzRll vny{p nzxp RYy U[ll x. Sp r~ r{p ~~vyvx xo Yjx, r~lzvzz nzxfl Wlp YYjy vf[ny nzxfl [x lv R{~px lzrz vo v nzxp Rorp Yfxl Yx.
v S~Yz rxYf [xl A v r~zYv v rpx rv{x {j. vf vlYx v r~lzvzz S[p [n rpx rv{x {j xz A [ylx vf r~fz rf Yy rGxY l[ pp. AY A Yz yrxzx ~l rpY {p{. Xx {[ l[ ztpYf v{ { {xp oMxvl {j. ~vp r Yzl x}p rpx n~xY ly vx x. v lvx rv{pv [jp npp.
S[vfl Urp rpY { Mylpf U~~ r rpx qppf  {x v~ rxY rv. 88-89 Yz Un[l { u}jx ~ r~z {~ vN Mylp[ tzryll{zf n p{K l lt. X[ Rorp Yfxl Wlp R{~p { Rly l ` Rxyf rx{y ltN x.
n{~Y Yz~vY ~ Y~xY t[xf nv [l Mylp p[[h RN x. p[[h Rvy~ pK { ly[ ~zzy YH p{lp [ll x. Wlp rfp y~~{Y x [ppf ryY ryY [j Rnn x.
v rrxY p[z ppp rll [x. Xv xpYf ~ ~q YpG {MY~ xz {hrY RlUnNYy{p R{|x xz tH zzzY tj. v Wlpf [p RxYy vj[j. X v[ ~ ~f rplx nY{v t{. Xxf K {h Yypp r{pn xz R{. v N{ r{p xz.
Mylpf {z ry{ |z rvjx zty{Y zt. Wx YpG |jx np lpf [p x xl x. {f rxY xp f X[ |Yx p  xpp ~ Xf p. Al zFc{ ~ Rlyv[ {H p{l Wppf t [xY n p. W p {pllyv t~ppzf RlUnN pp x. pN ycYx R{y { r~ vnzz X Yqx. yrxz fY { n{~ Yzx Rlf  Xxf ty {h xpp p. {p lpY y~~{Y x [ppx N x. W yx [{ v Mylp r{  rpnyv p{ll x ~K vxv xl Y x.
tzzpz [{z np lpY RlUnNYy{Y z~ l{l ~ nYY {h Y Mylpf YGrl Acp~ YMxzxY rxp YpY xf x{Y zt. v~f {fr yrxz WYn~ Rf~xx.
Xx y~~{ Yy[p xp RlM n{~Y v p[[h rvpG WY Rn[p [x. ~~ Y[[ y Yjp{. vfl lj K {[ ~p~ WYY tj pK qx xz.
Xx Yzx Mylp[ Rl yrxz WYn~ rp~xxY ly t. RKv[p l{l yrxz Y Szz[p rfYfN Rnn K vnzf y [pl ~p~ WYY Yyppx.
Al yrxz nn~ rp~xxp Yvn ~p~ WYY rfp [pp. vf lj zp~ Yjpp rfp [lll qx xz. WY zp~{Y yrxz rYf [pp r{p. Al Yjpp yrxz nxYf. v {M[ rxY zp~ Ry[ll. A{ YhY [p [p p[[h, vyf{, rpy, vy[v {[ r{z r{z{z j{. yrxz lpY ly {vY n{~Yf tj. vf yrxz Y, rp~xY ly zu [ppl r{p {j. Yz {h{zf {h Rllfv K ~p~ WY q {j.
K f v~ nY lpY [l{p f Mylp[ Rl yrxz n r~Y [{~.
Xv xpYf Ul~{ Yz R{. K Yz cpz{zf p z~ y ~~ ryYY [pp{. vf lj A ~p~ Rzz [lll qx xz. K {n v[ Rl yrxz fY ly tj. l{ jxfl [ll.
yrxz llrpn~Y ly x [l Mylp z~ y l[xYv [pN x. A{ tj WYv rf. Ul~{ Yzf ~ nYYf yrxz nYf rY NYN {vf lGf{Y Yzxf [pp r{pYv .
v A lGf lpY Yzxf [ll. WYY R 55 rvjx A{. WYY p[[h Yply{ `. RY xz{z ryf yp {[{ `. l{ WYY [ll, AY ~rMvMYG rM. v vzz{x, l{ x{ nppY{x [p{ [ll.
Mylp Unv z~ y l[x zz lpf nv xx. p{f WY zzzY{l S p Rz {p tp [ny xpp yzl Ylyl Sj [[px. yrxz llrpn~Y xn{{f lpzY}xY ly zu ztppf Mylpf K ~p~ Yy{{p Sh z.
Ul~{ ~vx v { r~ A {ryxl Rp x x. A p Mpn [pl Yh{zf Yjppf Mylp rfp [ll x. Xx Yz z Rxx[ }z Wpfrx~~ WYfl th KK x. n{~Y z Rxx N YH RtMl{Y R tp W ~{x Yyp z~x. Mylp W ~{x Y x. K Yzx YHf Wp v YpY ~v[v ~n{ Yl Yyp Mylp Yv  th{Y R` [~ppf v x. ru[YxY yq{ [ppf p {pp Sl Yzly.
v[ Yl{ pv ~p~ { {j. vf lj v[ R`v ~p~YyxY {p zY}j xp{ xz. v[ ` tj ~zzl Urx[ Yy[p ~p~ WYY rfp [pp l{.
K Rp{ n|Yx vz u[xx. X Rl t vnzp vy[v-rvj{ rM [xY Yzxf [ll x. vp v}p lpY n [l Rly vzz{ ~ l{l vxp nnpY ~{xf tq{ [ll x. pxYl  R`K v~ v Y Rly l{f {h p {ryx ~MmY x. Y Yzpv ~{Y r~ 15Y nY{ { x. vzpv zyxY n zf [l Mylp r~{ {p ymxY n zxf [ll x. K Yz zY rl zY ~p~YyxY { pv nvrx q lpp r{Y Yy nppf ~l. Wl Mylp[ l R [x vzpv vpp R [p vxf x. Rx vly nnx rYx. Rx ~v[ { { Mylp l{l p {ryx Yy[p [x x.
Al {ryx [p ~v pvY Rrf tj p. r~ rzpx, vz YvpYyjx vp{n xz{l p[p x p. ~zz ~v rvjx Ryvj {j. jx [ll, rzxf [ll. yz [[p [xpp t{. Al t {j. ~p~ WY Yh[p {fj. Rr pllfv p {j. [ny thvGf r{ Yjz jx [{p lpf rl {j.
RpK  ~ Rp q[ v [nyf [~ r x. ppnKvf |v {frY ztj Rly A {frf rp ~{ppf  [K Y~ nz{zf rp ~ {ppf p Y  lx [f[~ [ll x. K Yzx ~pf ~YG YKz xy RtMl{Y tj Rly Mylpf Rpp YpY Wx Ryp pp x. Xf n{~Yf {fr 125. Al {ry Rz Yl Y~ vnzY n Rlf ztx. Xx f n{~Yf yrxz n~xY ly x [ppf  x. {K xn tzRll rv~ fY~fxz WY ryj vp xplxY vf tp{ Mylp fN x. Xf ryj {ryx ~ { Rly X Wx zxf [ll x. pp[ p[f {nnf nppf tj v}v n [ny tj Rly X K xpl{zp {ryx rfp [ll x. Urz yl ry[ xp  ~nyx Mylpf ~p~ WY rfp [ppf UnN Y x. {fj v R{~m{Y  v p[ppf Rl pp Xx.
K Yzx vp RK Rz Yyppfl lpY p{ Rly A{ ~YG t  {pxv [p xppf Mylp Rxlpxp R{~y rx.
v t~[ l p[p fr ~{YxY. A p vf v[ R`K r{pxfl A {pv Sh Ryp pp.
Yh{zf [~ ~YG tppl rf{ppl Mylpv x. A{ SYvp Yh{zf nvp Rly {frfN y YhxY f{l Yf W [~ lvp[ ~p~ WYl Yy [x. t f Mylp[ Yl z~xfv vnzzz th [ppf Yv {x. l{l YzY [l{n Y{zzp Yzxf [xY [p Mylpz W rxf [x x.
K Yzl v hxp cJ WYp Rxp {j p. v  {pYKv v lpv Rnz ~YG Rz Y. RpY {p{zf {h Rr {p Rzxl { {j. v A {pv RK rGxl [p xp xp rl{z Yh{zf th Kv.
Rl [ny rxf [x r~ l{l v}p l RfY [pppf r{pYv zt. v~p RK rvjxl { {xp tK  ~YG rGxf {h { ShY y rGxf { x.
K Yz vf lyj ~p~ nYv WYf Yyp WY Yynyx xz. vv Rr t~f ~l Yyz A y~~{p Rxp {j.
p {qrf th [p xppf Mylpf {pxY pl. X {p xY Yzxf [ll x. Al Yzx [{n Rlf { zuxY ztj pl. K pv l{l ~p~ WYY rfp [lll qx x Xf ~l.
K Yz v rv~ fY~fxz WYpv jxf y [ll. ll, rrzp {[ y v ~p~ xpp [ll {pv [p rf rl{z [p Yj{.
K Yzx Mylp[ {ryx l{l YY Sf RN x. A pv tzRll rll RYYy nYY ShvY n zxf [ppf X ~vl x.
A Shv vv [ll yrxz rp~Y lyK `Y Rh vnzYf. v AY tY{f xpp [xv vf AYf zY} 3 1/2Y [pp r{p {j. A vnzp v l{l Rl v}p [ll. ~{Y r~l {Yy [ll.
tx K Yz WY nxY xfv Y. rv{ ~M ~p~ Yyn zu Rzu [jvY x A{ Y{l ~fp Yy[p{l tj p. [rpzzp tf Yr  Yjv Wxfl txxp. A p r{f [jK Yfxl r{l{[p [x.
K Yzx [ny ShYhl v x. [nyf xtn{ fYyp vh{Y [~N A pv x. Xx fYyp vhN v}p lt[p Mylp {ryx Yy[p [x x.
K Yz v x zY pY. v[ l tj zY [vpG Y WYY pxY. v Un rpnyf p[fz fM Y{Y Ry[p fYyp vh{ vp{. v}p xp y rvjx, lll{ rzY{yp[ K~ xp ~mp, A {[v }rnp YvpYy[ Yvyx {[ n{z lp v{[p vv Unf AY vp{. K Yz YxY np{ x Rr A [ny xl Yzxf. v[ K {H YYv v[ q l{l vf r~~ xz.
pvl Mylp[ ~px vzrz [p{ppf { YzxY [x pl. [ny Yy{p [xl rMa~ 120Y Shvl vf ~pK x. Wl WY{yv Rlrf vnzf [ppf lyK {lYvY Xf px. Yf~ {|xp [{ppf X RxYy{p Yv Yy{ [ll x. Yvxp Mylpz[ .. }p~{zf {qr Szv R x. 2001 R{ynn ly {n lvp[v x {pxfl X YK N x. l{l YzxY  z lpYv [l Rly t K czx rz x. K Yzx ~{Yxp llrY rvj {h Y x. 2003 {~y {n qv {{~xYxf  zYh ~Kvpxfl YK xppf lyK X {~p{pl {x x.
vf lj p zY{f {ryx Yypp Bp xz. v Rl {r {Ml{Y {. AY zY} 35Y ly. jxY [pp tY rxYfv [x. Al t {j. n{~Y v DFCC WYf [xv AY YvpYy vj [~j. X[ Rp lvx v ~Kvp [ll. A vlYx p X p[ Wp {rYxY f lz vf jx Rpvl Yy pp.
A vnzp |z [hp[zzY S Y Rly Rl vp v}p [p{ X[ ~l r{ px t yYf t Yy [ll x. W ~{Y r~ 150 npY rvj x. l{l YzxY  YMx vjhzx 200 nY{ S [x Rly {p nx nY{ { x. Xf ~Krl tY{p zY} 240Y jxY [ppf  {x Xx Yzx  v x. WY YKzY {p{f |z rvjx YKz lpYv S Yyppf K {p f Mylp ~vl{ ~pp x. X[ YMx vjhzx lp~xx SYv{x. vpn plpx [vf YMvpl xfl l{l {rxY Xf z.
lvl v v[ SzYYxf [x p xz lvx lpp. vf R{| v[ {ryx ~vY r~ n SYv{pp. A {[v z{ {fv .. }p razl Yy{ppx. l{ R{y r xY  v Wlpf xpp Ul~ Yyp{.
{ry xpp ly[xY. K ly[x cx[jx ztpp qf RlK R{ Sx t Ypfx. c{ ~Krpp{ N{l pK zt [pp r{p. {yY n{yY {fjl rycx yly cx[jxY z~ l[p Sxf xpp Bp. r~t~K Wp{ lvx. Al ~zpp q p. {ry{z  UrYv|z x xlx. v npfv vfv Rl{| nxY pK {ry tpp p.
X YMx vjhzxf ~v fY ~{Yxp z~ Rvlpp pl. A ~x npv lv {ryx ~vYxp xx X ~lx. |zv Rj{vY yj f Mylp[ YKz y {hvyxY pl. YMx vjhzx ~xzzpfv Urv {fr, r~n vp  ~t~op {hr{{z xlvY N.
Mylp[ q ppn Rvy~x. W v ly X[ {ryxf xo ~{jzzY {x Rxx. K nnpf rlpv np. vzv Yzx ~ rvj {{~xYxY z~ ~Kvp zt X Rn cY vGfK ~Kvp  cx[j rxpv rK zx.
p ~rxpp t lyK SzvY Rr R`K{zf tp{. qv YGp pzp lvx Rr R`K }rnpx Yypp. v[ SzYYx z{ {fv .. }p~ pvx yq{ppx. pvl p p lp{ {ryx Ryvj vnzv p{x xz [vf, yff ~ Rp[l ryryf xvY v v[ tzryll{x.
lvp[ {ryx [p Mylp[v {apxp xp{ pK {ryx pK o{p ly[x { { { X Rn pK Yj{ Rx~ x.
p} vlyRyD
bxyrx- az Yyjylp