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2008 c v~ 22 { S

}l zYYpf
z Wx
{a anp zl rop [p rY}j cpr vM|p AYYxf r{yx
RYMxY}v  }j anp R yc Rxlp rop [p rz rY}jxY cpr |} vM|p AYYx v[p S ~ rx Ryvf xlx.
vv rY}jxp Rply{ WY WY rop [p ~~ly {Ml{Y vM|p AYYx v[p cpr{yxf ty vf xl t{ r{~.
r~[x Yzx |z {|xp rh zt ycx rop r vjhzxY ~ur{yxY rtq vM|p {Ml{Y pfvl...

Spop z S xvl ~v[ ~xxf ~xxp Kx [~l S pvf yox r Yyp r~[x ~Yy r~{yN RplM ~v[K ~{Y ~[vx Kx v[p  WYl{ Yf{ Kxr Srf  Un]}j {ryxY r{l { RYyx y YvyN ~fp {x v~x. - bxyrx: az Yyjylp

cr Yh Sy{pp rY}x lv RMtnxY!
rY}xp S{l  ~{p{ Yfxl Yyppf cpl vY ryvj l{l vp{yp r~Y ~z~K vl ~v[ Wv rY}x Rl Ruply RMtnxY f[p Rlx n|rzp Ry vM[ xx.
W rmv rx{y {|xp r~[x t cr rMzKpl vp Rpcp UKv vlx rY}xp S{l { Rly ~~ vp{yp n S ~ rx Rll lv yjx rY| Yyppf xl{ Rlx p [ppf J.
l lv yjx rY| Yyppf xl{ Rlx p [ppf J.

r{l

~ty[v v Rv oyxf Wcrxp ~pp~[z!
cpyz cpY rMy Uly vnf
~ty[v rl ~uN Wcr v Rv RrY}Y oyx Urz |pl ~pp~[z vlf rpvf xp t{ rY} Ry vM[ r{~x.
v Rv RrY}Y oyx uy [vf ~pp~[z vl n Yvll r Yf Rlx rY} pxY yz Yv~ vl r~[x t~rp r~{yN lvpf l{l Wcr vp{yp r~Yf r{~ Rl.

~y~ {yK zt 30 Y xrp xpp x {
RyY}Y, r{p, p{lp  u} r|p
xrpx |{nzxf Rll v ~q K {~M  ~~YK zt ~z  v~zK |} |}{p ~ npY rvj tz{l }Yyl{Yf vj r ~.
r{p RyY}Y {l{yjx, r{p r~YK, p{lp r~YK pv v  u}vx [f ~ xrpx ~y~xf Rll x p t{f Wv ~~p t npY Ruxap Srl vf xp t{ p [ppf J.

fphM {a-}j [p ycx  N
p Sxf fphM {a  }j{zf ~Ktpo {p ycx zop rtq{  rx{y [vf ycx yjx Yy J.
A Rp{ ycx Rxlp{z R{|l{p ~q fphM YqK  ~{p }j, {a R{v K Ryvp ~v~l fphM rrxv ~|opxYf zY vf yjx  Rl.pf ycx Rxlp ~q ujh  ~{{p {p{p z [jp YqK  |}l ujh {M[xYf  ~{{pf RpYz {p r fphM Yqv l Yf[p R fphyx Yqvf ryl{v fphyx rpvp Rxlpx Y{yYx yjx {p t{ n A [p Yyp zn |} vM|pxY nyN  Rl.

cr zxrx ztp ~x R[ 
cY n~ ryvj rY} zxrx rtq R{~p yjx Wp ~x R[  ztppf xl t{ v{yj nrMlKpl Ry vM[ r{~x.

pny nrMlKpl{ RMtnxY!
pny ~{ {{~m ~|opx xfl pny nrMlKplN ~{x Y pny{yp 150 npY rvj WY{y |v xv ~ Wv nrMlKplN |z RMtnxY Un[l  Rlx p [ppf J.
l{l pny{yp 50 npYf { r~Y K {p f ~{ Yvllp |v xv ~q RxKrl uy  Rlx n W Ruply Ry vM[ r{~x.

{n |pl GRyD[ rxjp {
|Y zr[ R{~p Yfxl Rn
nl  vl vo v[p ~Z ~Nnp Yfxl cpl{ Rlyf [p xvz vzY{ Yfxl Yyp ~Z Rorp YMx|x {n |pl GRyD vl[ rxjp { |v zl zr ztG GRyD vl Ru{rrl x.

~px y[ lyx XJ Roy rlx
Yh{l r xpz RY 151/2 {~ r ~  Y..[l Yv vlx vxf ~Ktpo ~px{z tz{l M{zl{p  Yh vx rK R~vpl{p rh x. K ~ Rx R|u[ y[xf [yK |z R{npvY tp t{l Wx {Y{ [ppf  lyK SYvp |zYMvxY Y xl t{l |}e {n ~z rMy vl Mn| Yy Rl.

cp~l

nK Rv{p r~p v N!
v{y r~p ~vx ryv... ~z ~{qf- np~z n WY  {pryxY { Rpyoryx
~zYv  tnoYv [~f rll vp WpY  t r{. W Rpt  xp Mvz tnv [p vf {hv YyK szx Wxx.
{N t ycyf Rr yG rrzp Yp~mpx t{f rl{ t A Rl Q ux ri pftp Rly ~~yp Rfv~mp {pnp{ ~q {v ~{lp r~Y rjp px r~p ry r~~{Y rp r pxx.
A llp Rpyryxf, plzxf ~rjp zY} ~Zl tvlp {p{p v{y np~z n~Yf RY ~Z{Y W Sl x|z { Yfxl Yyp nYpf zt.

ny

Yq{p vy-ny Rply {Ypxy-tzp ly
 ny
UyvxY Ryvx
vn[h rl n{zx |z ~lKux
Q ~noMvxp qY
~t ra |zx R {pp Yvn?
vyj~pp RlK
tx~Yzx {p ymx rj
uyl ~pvN yvp zYj
|{ xvp
yp yf Yp Yf
Yf ~fp
YKrddx zxppf t rz~x rd{pl Yl
v t~ np~z
rl r{l
x ~l nK
nK ~yY[ {yn
~x rzrz
n~ n~ ~~ ny{pf RorY {pYvY zt np
vyz a { K
uyl vl{ y{l Y ~lly

~y~

~y~ vz rf{
~v fz ~Kvp Uz 2008
vf Wx{ vj [j { xcp{p - Yap vp~
n{~Y  p{Y
[pp Wx n{l rj [p
|} R{~m{Y  Yv K~x ~y~pp r Urn~ YY
Rr ~pv{ [h [pp pK Yyx {zz rppv Bp - Rt lrfx [p cY~p Yl Yyx
Yv
Rr ryKry{ Y{yl Yyr nxY x zK Y...?
y~ tcp
Yvv n Rpp
Rn Rp} nvxp
~rM ~fM lrfx y[l K Rywx
vv y Nnp{ Urvxp qr YpY - ~Mp rMy

tY  vz pK RMYx

n|rzp

{x~ v~xx - nj th[v r~Yz...
Uh[K tz rpp p/rl ~u{
p[py rl l rclpl{nx x ~mrl K [vp ~|} YhSvY z~ ~zYj p[py rl ~u rzpx K [l Yyp ~pp lv ny R{xx. r~[x v~xY Yzx l p[py rl {M[Y [fK{zp tp Uj~K  . nv - v~zK cpl{ Rly R { p~p~p lll{x rajh vj{yY [vp {p l 7Y R x.

 x} Szzn p vf Wy{...
ycx  rn[zY R ~x R| WYvl{p ~ Yypp { v {h {McpxY rtq Ry yG ryn W rv ryy{ Wwp cz v~ n{  r{lvf cr yjx Yf J. A... yf ry ~Yl {McpxY xl Yy.

vp~z

n YfM  [ppp  [x lyjxp r~ npY[ Rp[l ~p
yp Y{j ~x Wly xppf Y{yl lpp Rp[lx YY pq {l {ppfx. AYpxY vxp~z[ vz n Rp[lx [p ~l ly [ll yf x{x. X[ v{ n vn ry[ x{Y Yx.

|}[

{[K tzzf xn - [y ~ Rx{~YK ~fp...!
~/r ~r{ Rorpx v[v n?
K yG Rorpx Cn{aYx ~Y~nY ~ rppK Yyp Rlv {Ml{Y r~[x  u[ nrMlKpl{ Yl Yx. A [x {~M R.r.~. ~vp r u[x rsz ~Ktpox.

ycx z rpl cpl{f Y{M cyvyxY n...?
ztz vjhzx rp p[j v RMtnx l{vl v  R t{Y rpppf pl.
xl p{ ztz rpl Y~  [p Wp t{ Rvl{yx xx. vp toY R{l, Y{yp yno {{l Wx R{Mxxpv rMzKpl{f Srl Yyp t{ n X rY| Yyx.

~Yy [zz  Kxf ~  x[x {~p rxvz[ rx l{x
Rr vzY {[  ~ {f K vYn {j?
[zz {Y{zz r {~p rxvz[ RKvl, p[l, vzzl r~[x ~Yy pN n v[ tz ~x {~p [ny WpYz x. {p vpv ~ Rp ~y~ p[p {~p Rp vl pN xx lppf X{pf Ylv l{Y tj pl.
pvl pxp px Yzx [ [x x. {~p [ny Wp {z{ n r~ x. X{p[ ~l Rxl uxY f [ll x.

~Z Rv[ zY ~Z Yf ~ur z Yzx {~yx!
zY ~Z ~opx Yfxl rtq{ K p{z Y[l Yz np{p r~fM Yf{G ~ tpM yf ry Rz J. Rr ~lp rnnp K ~t rlK r~fy tvxY Rz Rll Yw p[yxx.

Y ~opxf Yph{p vypY ryY
zY h {ryx pv yc p{p ~opx l~l{ ~op{z zx~l{f Rll Yyp Wv ~opx ~x nr yc ~plY Yyp t{ Yph{ r~[x ~x  Nnpx Yx. A Rp{ WzT ~opx vp zY h {ryx n p vl{f Yph{ l lpK ~opx.

"{~y 25Y v[ {n lx  K {[ zhY v f rv { {l{x" - cx{Mopry v yz |z {n |}e [ [jzY
Rx nly  x. r~y [ r{zY ly{x z~ Urp Rx Yh x  n{l ~ { xK y[ lll{xY ~ ~lYvYf n zY {{x. Spr~ y[ ~{xp ~ R r}vl{ ~pny x{xY z~ {hppf {{x.

p{Y {nxf ~y nk{K
zYx ~y~ Rorpx l K {p f v~lyxY t{f rl  R p{Y {nx ~Ktpoxp R pY yv{ rtq{ vyf |} |}{pf Rll Slvl Rzr { pv. p{Y{nxf Wy{ pY rrnp [jp{Y xlvY pvl A rtq  pvY vyf ~y~ vp{ vpY{pf pvl.

t~ tKt Yxf Y{yjx pp Yw h vp{yxY[ ~{YxY
l{y~ Rppny~ {zYpn, vl[z, ~{jrx ~y rYy{. {NxN Yz {h Yyp ~x  WzTxf WY { Rppny~f WzTxp Yp[p pp pvY l. Xf ~opxp zn RYx 1490 x.

pl

Uh{{ Rl Rly ~{jp
Rf{ phxl ~v [x
Rvy ~vy
[y{ypfl [y{yxY { Q rzx ~rvY . r. Rxylp
f[vjf Tlz p [Kvpx ~{Mopx {pp vl tp ~vx n?
y{ [j {yj
q fz pf {f Y{n tzpp? - ryYv Rzz
[l ~vl p{jl l {vp tz{l
rz~ ry{y x x{y
Yly[v ry{yxv pyYxY...
YK r{y
rllyYyxY[ RlK
~M cp Ylz{z Yly[v nxp YY 
n rf{

~y~

[ lyx ~Yyx
y[ y[
~v S{l vf ul l~Y rYy
rynK
Rrf lY}jxf rfrpp t p[
txp y vc~
Y YjhxY  x{xYf ~~ z~l{Y
l lyzl [{~j YpG ryxYf [x
RYy ~l...
Yp Yp
tz{H
"~p r{y" cY yr{x
ly{Yf [rp z~l
2012  XzKrY rnYYK [p Av Rr Ryvjx - 2008 XzKrY {yK zt vx  hxz x

h

R~xp y Y [v Rr {[vY - vz
R~xp Y~zp YG ly[{zx Rrf q Rux[xY. Rrf vv ly[{zx  tz[pp r{p Rr vp lll{xYn Spp xz. Spx{, r~lpx YG rz nYv q lll{xY Spp ~ Rrf zY R{~m{Y xp{ Rr nY}l rp{pp. v~ r{~px Q zY YG pxY vz cx{Mopx.
pv{ R~xp Y~zp ly[{zx v{y rmv {l{f r~lpx YyD p{y  zM p{y r{lvf xl Rly ly[{zx c 24 p RyKu vf xl Rly R{~p ly[x cz 6  YyD p{y  r{lN. vv ly[{zx ~x ly[ {/y ly[ z~ r{l{p Rly Q zY rz vv ly[{zxf ~u[ {px R{~p {lN (2004) R~xp Y~zpx p[l Yjhxv z~p v{y n Wv y Y [vfx.

WY~l Ry WM rzf Q zY hYxp nnpY
R~xp Y~zp YG ly[{zxf ~u[ {p WY~l Ry WM YG Yjhxvf Q zY hYxp nnpY {p SpY tffRyD ~ ~r ~z{ h v |}l{x.
c 26 zM p{y r{l{p ly[x  Q zY rzf Wy{ WY~l Ry WM rz {p{p SpY  ~r t yf h Yyp Rlx |{~ YM.

[ YG h{ r~[x {~y rx p| {j - [ct r[z
B{ bpnx ppp xp ty Yl - cxpl oMv~
[zz YG ~vcx {M}Y z{yjx Rn (c 22) [zz YG ~vc|zN  r{lN. v{y z{yjx {hl Uj~K vj{yY [p Rll cxpl oMv~ rM|{x  vp F~Yy rM|{x Rly n{po ~fpY R v l{.
r~[x {~y rx l [zz YG h{ p| {x xx F~Yy rM|{x Ur ~ur oyxf ly[ Yyp fr YG hY [ct r[z anp Yyx.

XzKrY p ~vyK o{p ly[xf r~z ~~p Y
~v {~yYv c v~ 23 {p pf x R clply XzKrY px ~vyp {~ cY XzKrY Yf{ v[p {M}Y{ ~opx Yyp ztp XzKrY p ~vyK vM[ o{px c v~ 23 {p p Un 9.00f rppyN  r{lvf Yfxl x Rl. v{y vv vylp o{px rppy{ ryYvt ry{ R~zp RyKu Yf [zzzz cY h[pxp R{~p vf xlx. vv o{px ~v~l y rvjx .. 8Y {p Rly r~z ~~ ~~xp 1000Y rvj A ~q ~u[ N.
{M} 1894 c v~ 23 {p p r|x ~tp p[yx r{l{p zn clply ~v{Y  Sry XzKrY h p{l RyKu Y xl xx yjx Yyp zt Rly v ry[x {x rxM h YtM fp pv r| {|rx.

YG Rly Yf{ ~y{xn?
{lvp YG Rly Yf{ ~y{ y z{yjxY r{lvf xp Ry K p{z ry xp r{. K p{z {lvp Rly Yf ~ur rn[zY ~ayxY ~q n|[l  ~p xp {h tzp ~ur z~ Yfxl Yyp h Rvl| zYK W~. zxp[v vl yf r{~N YG Rly Yf{ ~y{ p t{f ~v Urn~Y h Rvl{yx[p vlY lvpf pz R t{l A [p lvpf ~{Y ~y{ { p t{lx.

2012  XzKrY rnYYK [p Av Rr Ryvjx - 2008 XzKrY {yK zt vx  hxz x
Wwp  XzKrY ly[{zx ~q rpK h{p zY{ xcpx Yyp Rlv hYxp nnp z~ vx yK  hxz z ~~YK zt ~.
~vpxp hYxY lv h lx  ztp {hlv {p R{~m{ XzKrY Uzf ~u[ vx. K ~ R h{p {hlv nY}l R hYxf  Y{f XzKrY {yK zJ.

{lYv

tz rxrr {vf U~xp {f
ru[Y Yfxl RYx ~ur{yx ~p, tz {M[x rxrr Rz v ~q zt np zt t Yz~v{ RYyjx v[p Rlf{ Rl.
Q zY l rY}x ~ur RaMx ~l {pRyD vl ~p RYyjxf Yyp zn rzzYf Rp{ vv p{ zt  J.

zY Spxp Xxz ~v[vf Rply R`vY
~~m zfv ~z npp
zY Spxp Xxz ~v[v ~z zfyxY ~q Rx Yyp vnz Zc lz [l ~~m{ ~z zfyxY ~q Rx Yyp vnz ~v[ ~vrl {p z~ z ~|opxY pYl o ~KtoY{zf vj vf ~{p t{ r{~p ycx ~p zl { Spxp Xxz ~v[v {l np{ Rl. K {pf Zc lz [l ~~m{ yrxz 110Yf ~z Rz Yyp Rly zY Spxp Xxz ~v[v ~z Rz Yypp yrxz 120Yfx. K lll{x vl Spxp Xxz ~v[K ~z ~q R Szv ~z xl z~ Rh  Rl.A Rly Zc lz ~~m{ rh ztp ~z yrxz 110Yf zt vf Yfxl Yyp t{ r{~.

"~vf r~K x{" RrY ~rM~pfM~ {p
"Sx" ~opx v[ rpK xfl, Rvf R~y rn[zxp[ R{|l{pf ~zp r~y r~YK lv ~rM~pfM~ ~z~vf vyf cpl{ [p ~zzvl  R{opx tq{v xv Yyp ~v[vY {p RrY Srl{ ~.

lyj

lyj vz rf{
 rN|x
cpr oyx
vx |}fay ~vx y K lY}jx [p nex Rnl vl {
lyly ~pNnp lY}jx
The internet Protocol
r[jY czYyjx (Computer Networking)
U~~ r { n{
Razlrl{x r{l{ [pxv ~q ~ ~v xYl{x
U~~ r RMY n{
RplMcY {v (International Trade)
Glory of the Buddha
The song of Tranquility!
~lY ~j~zz [lx
Wonder World of Insects
Mosquitoes vy{
2007 cY yl nll lyly
Yy tf
A Journey to Demon's Rock

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