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n rf{
vpfl ~ xpp r{p

nex vp[ pn yf l[l Yy!

vp lv rK{xpf Yl Yypp n, ly[Yyxpf tj Rk[~pp n, ux rY| vf Y [~pp n K |Jn{z UnN{. WrvjY p{, lyp zY vp, Yh vp [y Yy[ppf w xpp n K |Jn{z rf. Tf qv Uyjx hzpx. hzp [y Yy [pp Yh v |} 10Yf rvj |Jn Yl K x{ R t{ ~[y nex x.

~ xp Yyzzp [p ~Y ~ xp v [p vlY Yz Rr R~ tj ~{zpv rvjx. A Yzz rzv rvz ~ xp v{ xp{p [j~ Yr[ [x vpy ~{.
vpf ~ xppf r{p n?
Rr vlY Yz lN Wx l{Y t{x. [x rn yaYxY[ l v{j vpy ~Yzrp{Y t{x. Wvl plpK x yp[ Yl{ { ~y[p Yl{Y t{x.
Wl Wx l{Y{l ~Yzrp{Y{l, [ Yl{Y{l p{p t{ Rn Xrr  J. r~[x  RvY WY~l cprnx r{p NxY fxK~ (Newyork Times) r{lrl r{ zrxp x{pp R~ rx~y Yyp Yyzzpf vpv Yyx [wM rpp vpfl k p[ppf r{p t{x. K [p Yyj nlvY rMx}j{z  [wy ~[y rlz {~p vl~xp[ k r[l Yyppf n nexpf r{pYv z J.
K ~l [pp~ Yl{ nl lrz v[p v {l W{ lyY A ~v[v pxY h, v p[p |Jn y{xp WYlp Y k rfxY n nl lrzpv W{ tj x. Wv krf {l Yy t f R~ppf ztj, WY WY vl~xp X{p{pfv RNY { |Jn yf{p[p k p[p x. Yzz rzv xf ~ xp v [p vf vlY {x Wfx.
Yyzzp[ pn lyvf vpy p{ll, vp[ ~nn tnn [p K ~l[pp~ Yl{ Wxf Wpp RvYN zh {y yx. R~ffz[ Yzx ~fv ~{u{ nexp vpf k Yl vf x{ tp t{ |{~ Yl, Wx rMx}jxY v[p vl{Y Yz Wxf Rl tj pl. Rr xppf xp K rMx}jxf ry Yrpp 2005 R{ynn R[ x  zh {y yx rYy{ {y n~p Wp Rvl ~nn tnn [p v~z p[ppf rfp [vl WYYx.
~{l zh |{nzx ~[y n{ rtq RaMx UrxY yp Up FK~ zY~x K [p Upp{Y Y { rMx}YxY x. JzY hK (Black Drum) pv Yyx vl~xp Up[ rcpp Yzx {lv ~Yxp ~x [vf K RYyx |Jn Yl Yyp t{ X p ~x x. MG~ 100 ~f 500 nY{ ~ZlxY np A |Jn ~[y rlz ~f [vp Yf [hv rj, vn Rnny {~{z lxp Wxf rpp xfv Sl N[xp R xp vfM ymxY WY{yv {~Y R~p r~{lv Yl {p lKr RYyx |JnxY p[p t{ FK~f r [xx.
vz  FK~[ K Yl{ ~{Y |{~ Y pl. [xY Rl Spp f Rp lyK |JnxY vpf rn{pp r{p n? zh {~x ~Y r Y.
T`f FK~ Y ~{l zh ~y~x ~[y nexY { HH vp ~v[ K [p rMx}jxY vx. X{p ` A {pfl x xf  |Jnx WYlp Y  xhp (hydro phones) v[p zt[l vp[ pn yf rxY l [l Yf j. X{ zh {y yx {~xpf n X{pf R~p |Jn yf{p rtq{l, A{ R~p Nz{z  {y [jpY ~fp lt [pp z~ pK p. rvxYf vp, FK~ zY~x ~ HH vp[ {Ml ~v[ zh {~xp[ {Ml{pn Yvf [r [xx. zh {yp R~p Rl tl |Jn rn{pp A R rp rpp vv t{ r[ppf Yfl ~j.
K {p f ~[yx {~p  |} 30,000Y rvj Rlp,  |} 1200Y[ rvj k{z vp{x {p Yy p[ppf nx ~vl{ ~. Sl  RYyxp r[l Yy[ppf x{ z Rll r |}xY[ rv. Yzp } (Clown Fish) f } (Toad Fish) JzY hK (black drum) W{ vl~ |} rx. X{p ~vyY[ k xfv p WYY lGf YyppY {x. ~vypf Rll yY RppY { |Jnx. l{l ~vyY[ tyxYf [~ppY { |Jn n, l{YY[ tGDaY[ { YcpxY ~p{p |Jnn Rll x.

vl~xp K RYyxf |Jn Yypp Yvn?

[hv {~p ~lp[ pK |Jn rn{pp tzz r ~{y lpl v[. Al vp |Jn rn{p  Tf {h lr~pv {p~ x. czx {~p U |Jn rnvf R` Rl r swim bladder z~ p{p {lxp ryj vzzY { R{x{xY UnN Yy [. ~vp R{~m{Y  pK K vzz UnN {pp v{ rK  x xff p[z rv ~q x. |Jnx rnK  ~{pp v{[ ~yM R WY v~ r|xY K {lxp ryj vzz vl Sl N[xp Rzzvx. fH } (Toad Fish) pv v{ pxYf n~ {yxY lyK N[xp ~x {lxp ryj vzz vl v~ r|xY Rzzvp zY |JnxY Yl Yyx. K RzzK N[x YlyK n {l Wx Sl N[xp lf ~zp YyzzY {  tMH[ rxrl ~zK N[x vp lp [jxY rvj {lx ~x [p J. fH } rtq Yl{ W~ {n, l{l ~vy v lv ~yM R~ Sl  {x vzz vl Rzzvp |Jnx Urn{. Y~Y Tz (Cusk Eel) W{pp. K Rly Yzp } (Clown Fish) K ~q UnN Yy [pp R~ tpop (R~ WpY  tq ltp rfYx K pp p N) x. K Rly ~vy v{ |Jnx rnvf lv R~ WpY vl Rlzz. l{l ~vy A {p{f {yz x [.
K RYyx pprYy Yv{z rfp vp rn{p |Jn{zp [wy ~[y rlz r r{. ~[y nexp xp xf ~ll{ zYx {~p ~lp Rly |Jnx rnv vzpv Rywppf Rll n vp[ x.
Wl Yyx [wM ~f vl~xp p[p K |Jn t f {y th ~xl R~pp pl. A{ rfl {x[zxf prj czx Rlv ~`  xpp x.
Wl ~[y rlz R vp[ zYx Rl K ~nn tnn{zp Yyp {h tvx. vp lv rK{xpf Yl Yypp n, ly[Yyxpf tj Rk[~pp n, ux rY| vf Y [~pp n K |Jn{z UnN{. WrvjY p{, lyp zY vp, Yh vp [y Yy[ppf w xpp n K |Jn{z rf. Tf qv Uyjx hzpx. hzp [y Yy [pp Yh v |} 10Yf rvj |Jn Yl K x{ R t{ ~[y nex x.
Wl xw xf Yyp K ~pNnpxf y~ Yrpp ~px. vy p |Jn p[[p xl Yyp pN ~ ~[y xl{zp n xL Yyp {pl ~ xYyYK{zp n vp p[p kf t f to rjpp x.
S~~y Yzz rzv rvz ~  vpf n Rn Rl{ Rll A Syjvv x Rr l{vl npp pl.
Ylp Rvy~

***

~l Vl{f [z{p Yyzz

~l ~vx v{ Yh [ {z[xp ~l Yyzzpf ~tpv Rux[lvY Yzx. Wxf l{ RY ~lz X{p rh{f rl vx. K ~ yx U{lv v{ Yyzzp WYf [z [~  [vf ry{ ~.
Yyzzp[ l Yzx R~yv R{x {~M ~l Yzxx. [ ~l y Yzxl Ry `xl, K tyrlYv U[ Yyx. K ~ Uj~v { Yy [vfl ~lz pv ~vl o Urxp Up Rp[vpx Yy.
K Rlp v{ Yhv Yyzzpf Wzz {p Rux[x {x. K ~ vx X{pf rY}j R{xY N. yx  WYf [z  ~v lr x R{v Yyx. p Rlrly {hj, ]p rl ~l, Yf ~l |Y X{p[ p{lpx. lvpf l W{ |Y r{p f WY [f y rxYv W {~xf K Yyzzp rj.
rv{pv Rll ~p Yyzzp nnpY WYf Rzzp, |Jn p[p Uj~v zt[pp Rly, Sp Rply{ RpY Yyzzp n WY npp WYl {x. K RYyxf Yyzzp WYl { f l rxY  Yy tzxY Mvjx N.
RpY Yh Yy |} n K RYyxf WYf WYl  Uj~v zt [. ~vy Yyzzp Yy Ynz Mvjx Yyp Rly, l{l ~vy p[Y r~y{z  l[y R~z [{~p Uj~v zt [.
vv bxyrx Y{p RYyx Yyzzp Rf p{ npY WYf r [~ ` ~p Rly, ~vy f Yyzzp rp~ npY rvj WYf ~x x. Pied wagtails {M[x Yyzzp n~Y rvj WYf [

Yr yc[ Y r{h...

v ~pp Rrf R[plYxY pN. cpr{n{z Sl cprx alxp {p px. (fox) pxp[ Y [~v ~vy f Xtf y |JnxY {ppf n r{.
lvp ~p ~mpx RpY ~vYxpf pK Ryvp Up Y [~x. Wl Tf Rvly{ l{l o ~ Up ul Yyp t{ rMx}Y vlxx.
WpYf {p~ |Jn {M[ 20Y rvj Yl vf ppf  t{ rMx}Yx r{~. v Up Yl Yyp |Jn r[l Yy [p vv Roxpx ~Yy Rl. RlK R{~m{z  |Jn rxY WYl Yy l |JnxY Yl Yyp R{~m n Rl.
{ ppf WpYf {p~ |Jn Y Yl Y  Rly Yh p rf{pf Yl Y YY |Jn RfY rv. Y~ {{l K RYyxf o |Jn Yl Yyp r{h {vyN xnpp Rxx l{vl rzY{Y{ r{. pp rvjY p{ RpY }yrxp Rly n K lll{x v{p pvl l{vl vxf l{ ~y z~ Rp{yjx Yy[p pvl.
~vpxp ~v rx 20Yfv {yY p Y [~. |}xp ~l Vl{, rKtp ~vx, ~ly lMcp r{v Rx K lll{x SYvp Yyx. v{ R{~m{z  Sl rajh kY Yl Yy. Wl W RplM[l r{hx Sl Yhx.
~l Vl{ Uv ~v[v pr{z ~vYx S{lf  x. K ~ R{| R{~m{z  lv ~[xpf r{hx ~Kr}jxf {N {N { |Jn xn [.
v{ |Jn ~v {p Rly ~Mj Rn~ nyx. { r{h rvjxY n K |Jn l RplM[lx. v{ r{hxY |{jx Yypp, r{hx W{p px ~Ktpo{ {f [pp Rly W Rn~ n lyK [x.
~l ~vx  K RYyxf |Jn p[ r{h {vyN xj n, RpY Yz{z  |} ~ Rx r{h {vy{f x[pp t{ rMx}Y vlxx.

Yp y{fp YlM Y~v

t tzvfv vx rxf rf~ly [ zYxp Yh {fj Rry RY| {~l{Y tx. K Rry {~l{ nYj RrYN Yply rn|x l  v{p Hydnora Africana pK |Yx ~rr r}rx.
vv |Yx n c{ ol{x RrM{xf rp{pp. vxf vz, Y  lrn {MjY pvl. Rrf vlrp ~{pp v Y{p |z r}rx rv. |Yx RpY Yf~ r{ Ruplyx rf Rl.
K u[l v| uY}YxY z~ p{ x x. W Yq r{p x} Uytp r[Y, Wx R~z {hp Euphorbia Mauritaniaca |Yx x} Rn [vf Yfxl Yyx.
Yplyx l v{ |Y r{p t{f r{p WYv ~Y}x K RYyxf yp{p yl r vz ~vx. vv r}rx r Y~l {p f Wv[p RYM}x ~{qY vnpz  v~{x. K ~ R{f rn|{z {~x Yyp ~pf vx p[l x.
vv r}rx r{p Sl ~qp Y RYM}x {Mjx ~  v~~p, v~~p R Yp R W. Wv ~lp ~lpp vx x[x ~lY z~. K r}rx lf Sl r Yh ~lp [vp Y {v W nr~ r{p Yh Mj xlvY  rxrl {~ xx. R{~p rszx Yp r}rx l ~yvx.
r}rx Ruplyx z~ Svx ~{yrxp [x. K ~ r}rx lf rl{p Ypf Sp [zvY pK pvl. r}rx Ruplyx r{p ry[ K Yp[p ry[px { r~{ x r {y {x. Wf Ypf S{lf rxw x x.
r{ Ruplyx {Mopx {p vv Rry |Yx Yh vz rGf{ r~fpxY z~ x Yyp r{p S{lf  nx. vv |Yx X}x {n[lYvY n nyx. WpK [ x zt[pp Yh {M[ Yyz{zf rYMvxY z~ nYj RrYp {~x ul Yy.
(BBC WILDLIFE R~)
{n .. avz ~{