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Wly y{
xnoxl ~vxl Sl p cx[l cpr{yx cpyz HH Rx~p{M

Wp. cxy

K RvYp cpr{yj Uj~v z{f y y|xfl {h pp Yzxx. l{ ` RvYp cpr{yx[ rlv zY n|rzpxf tzrp Rpnv ~xzz p p ~vx. l{n zY rz~ ~mpx p{ ~mpr{yx [ lc~ Rr { Yh yf{zfl pp t{ Rr nv. z{f ~vx ztK v{{p xnox lvYf [pp K Rry ycx l{l WY ~pr-cpr nl{ alxY ~MmY{ y`r Rry ~Y[ {l[l Xt ~q v~ r [~{.
Y pvY Yl lv WY~l cprn xno vN rox x. r~{ n{ zY xnox  l v Rjnpp n pf ryY v{p Rjnpp n  R{~px  RvYN ~ly { cpr{yx n x. R nY} ~z~KYy{Y  RvY{ z{ ~r tz{l z~ Sxf xp [vp xv{Y { X pp H{xG HH Rx~p{M pK x. X[ Rp{Mm pvx { RxY n X lyKv r~no {{Y x.
fY~~ rplx h~p rn|x  HH cYJ Rx~p{M  W~tl ~f{M x{[ ny{p (rlp) ~l np[p l{x z~ 1890 XYltM v~ 14 {  Urp X Urp HH H{xG pK x. r~{ WY~l cprn xno v nrgx { {~GrxpG   X[ pv K r{p {p~ { t{ S~x xx. lv ~xyp ~xnp n HH n Rzp U~~ r~z S[v zt Rly 1909  rmv rpx Spy UrxY ~l{ r~zp rfx. rmv x{ {x tz ~rp[ ~v[K vp{yxY vx. pY v zoxY K Rurxp rj H{xG Wx {~y nYYf Yz vN ~x ~xy WH[[ U~~ Rorpx ~q vzvx  RorY ~x Yvfx. ~x {vz ~xy lv[ qv [y{yx t{ WH[ r~ YzY RhKtyxp r{~x H{xG [ Yrv R[x v ~q x xlx.
Wl A Yrv vl pY v{f tq{ [pp {x~ ~v{ r~ Y n Wxp RoMxxf rl p 1911  WY~l cprn xno v nrgxf t Sl p rj x. xnoxf lp yno { H{xG[ nvrxp X[ yjxf yno p{x X r{z Rp[lx rtq{  {[vY S~ ~{. xno v Rorpx p ~ Y X nrgx qv vzz hYx n x. f Rvly{ l{l h [jp{Y ~q n xY { X rtq |} {Ml{Y 1912  NxMY yzH r{lrl r { Rly W{Yf zY vzz h }lx Sv lzxY ~ ~r hY  l(M)r [ R{opxf r{ xv x. Wpv, R{~p{Yf ~ { nj~ vY ~ X[ ~{Mjvx h x Y Yzp v x. 1915  |}f z~ rj{ v Y X 1918 nY{ rtz v{z ~{x Yx.
rv zY xnox UDalv R{~m{Y  Rp rf{p zt ~ppno f tYx Rjnp zo z~ zop n~Y rvj Rt{ rlK ztppf lyK H{xG nY}xY x. l{n A {p f Yrlp zx ~ Xf pp YMpz nY{ l{YzY z U~~vY zt np z. pvl xnox  Yr rpp YMxxYf xn{ p[l X[ ~ppno tYx p{l rp~zNx{f Yq{ Rly W  p{l X ry ~ zxfv rl Y n n~xp p{ll KcM lzxf U~~ Yyp z. RxY  cMF 5 fp ~ppno ~fp YzN S~x  pxxp p y r~{ Rp[l ~fp YzN vj{y ~ W  RvYN ~pK v rtq Sl {Yl zr vz{Y ~Krnpx Yyp zn Rly WYz ~ c}g v zop A{ R{{p ty Yyp z. pvl Rn nY{v A{ U~~ pxxp t{ ~x np r[.
{~y 1924  cpyz Y~ YpM xfl vjhzY zoxY z~ rlv zn RxY W  ~ppno ~fp YzN ~x pxxp p y 1925  vjhzY nzxx rgvz{f ~pK { Rly Wx n p ~vl {p z. r~{ tR RjnppY z~ cMxN ~mp[l { RxY r~{ vjhzY zoxY z~  ~xY xn zYK z~ n x Yyp z. ~[Y nzxx rgvz{p r~{ cpyz h[z~ vYpM[ R ~xY z~ n Yfxl Y Rly rzrpx RvYp RyKuY Urn|px n ~ Yx.
ztp ~xf..

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~t[ R{ynn

Rnyx RKK
RKv[ Yjh Y{K
vlY {p{ v {zv
R{ynnf [vf Wpp
R~x vfl
Al... {h p
tjl... Wpp t
YYz nY - Yj {z
ll tG~ nYf

j ~ ~v[ tl
vlY {pYfl
Upp{ Yff
[` {[ Y
tjl - Ypp t
Yy[f - rrz
Rl nY - {j{z
l{YY tnf

Rnyx lll
lll[ Rp
tl YzzY Ypp
R~x Wpp
Al... Wpp t
{~~v - {px
[ Ry

`v - {px
cx - [ll 
WppK - vv
R{y Yvy ~

WlY
RKvfl - lllfl
rlppK ~t
Rl R{ynnY
y{ yj~

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nxty Rxxjx

Y[ pnx n~{p R~
U {{l p{ R{y
Y~ pK ~vyvn Rr
Rxx...
Xt xn K lYy
U { ~v {~yYv
WYl  Rr ~{v
[l Y p{ {~y
U { p{ {~M Xt pll
Rr {~
qpx y {{l [N [jpY
~p Rr Xt `x
Rxxjx...
U { p{ {~M rlppK Rxx Xtf
cx ryj f pY
{p {[, [zz

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~lypf pvl pvY

~pty zY vxp f p Yppf R yrp
~x [K npN ry {~ {p yjy rlp
zYf ztp rp vvp X{p  Y vN{yp
~~y ~xp Wly Yy{ vlr~Y t~lp

uxx ~l~xx {rz p~p Rrf yf ry
Rp Rx{ rvjY p{ lv Rxl v{ vy
t [ppf t [ppf p yyx r{f Uy
px ~f ~p~v p {x zYvN [pp y

ry rfp Rr yff Uyv { ~ly Yyny K p
Rr ~{Y ~ v yc{jx ~qp p
Rn n vp fl Wp Rl vp~lp M[ R
pv pvY ~p ly zY rlp ~yy [ R
W}v YxYy{p

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nxty ~xyp

p{ ~q R~ Y~
rp ~{q r~~{Yf
Rv{Y Ry v[ lf
~{z pw, y Rl

y~ t ~p
z{ v rpv pwf
rp {f {z z
Uly ~`f n pvp

~zp t n vY
vvjpp ~lYx
n{l WxY {z pw
rp vf t yc vp

Ryzx vz rly{
rj vz~p vl rpty{
[p rprl rnp
zJ{ xo tz x pwf
(p v {z t{ yppf ~x  YrYf {~p nxty ~xyj pwf UryxY N{ vx)
| tjhy
n z Yyj[z

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rlvY

|ay ]py
~q{x
~`{ lt
y ~lyf
lp nppn
v ~zYj
Xt ~p S~N{f
rx p[fppf
Upf
Rly Yf RYz
} { xppf
ltp Xt rxf
n~Y vz
rrppf
x ztnppf
rl n[
{yK
r
lz vz
rp
vf
az YyYz~x
lwyz
{xYYz

***

pwz f ~l rlppK Rr - ly t Y R~z {

yppf ~f K Uyvx ry{f  ltr y{
ryf [~ x p yly Y rfN WY rf vy{
A{ S{~p t{ ~vy v W{p pw ~vf N{
[{pp rN yjy{ Rn ry ~x v Up[ WN{

{z Rr ~t ~p{z nx nN { `f Yp
Yf RYz vy U[z p y rlp xn {p p
Yl ~vy v W{p Y rll [p y{yf p
W{p Up pl [fj Rr f Rr Yyr ry Yyv p

 Yyr vN vf pwz{ nr vN rx{y W
r rlv A ~vf yly ~p WY  v
~ fY pv npp rlp v[ r v [p t
v[l Rx} Ryp y{y yp vp nx ~

~p v[ v{ yly ry p Y lyz pz
~x A Yzx pv [x v[ vN vv {z
xn K pw Spp p [xl Rn v[ rr{ R
pwz f ~l rlppK Rr ly t Y R~z {
[h r~n yylp