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 xp ~vc ~{xf Yr{ Qvl ~z n ~x~

Rvy {vnv

vyf ~~YY nrMlKpl{Y, ycx Rp[xp rfvf vz  x Y ry[x n ~z n ~x~ x. K ~xv {h ycY Rly{yx ~z ~pG ~uN Ur ~ur z~ rl {j x. A {Yz [l{ppf ry yG rzYx n, uY}p {p~ n, o {rYx n ~z Bpv nxYf Rl lt{l A nx ~MmY vf lyK {~p{pl RlY R Yyj v np rrp n{lY R, R~vp tnxY  RxY z~ ~zYppf rfp [l ~ x.

vv {[ tY Yyllxp RKtzp[h pl~ Yply{f xp Wp lll np rlf YY lf  v x. A lll xpp Yzxf [l tY Yyllxp v ~ x. X Yzrp{f {fj x. UrxY ~lN x. vpf Rvly r Yy WYl Yy [l vnz{zp qv tY YyllxY  [pY zf [l  lllf Wx l[ Y x. Yyllxx, [px nppv yrxz rp~x.
lll vf R|M{n Y. v[ A l[[ lll[ l zYv ~lfY R Y t{ vf lyj. A {[v vfl v[ lf RvlY p{p ~lfY R {j AYp...
lllf lxf RvlY p{p ~lfY p K rl ~z n ~x~ x. {zlf lfvj YYpK [ny {ll ~z[ vrxp ~ [rzx. ~zvp n ~x~  xG n ~x~ ~z[ vrx {. ~z[ rx pl~{yxY { ~v vly, `z RY~~ R t rn|{z WY WY Yz{z x{ Y Rly WY YzY [ p[yx r vf ~x.  rlp r~ npY[p xl r{z n{pp { ~z Url ztN rx [ p[yx x{ Y Yzx x. A WYn~ Rf~x Rpx XYltM ~x { x.
~z Sr Y Yzp rxf pl~ Yply{Y rf{[p vlyf xppf ~lj x. W~ ~x r{z vlyf [x ~ Yh ~zf pK lyK R {x~  r~z xppf {x vly |pl lv~ nzxf x. lv~ nzx YzY ~f X Sp R~  [zz DvpH nzxf Rll {j x. ~z W n ~x {M}xY rvj Yzx. [zzf Rxt{p x lv Yw ycx nzxf rx x. WYz X[ Gf{plv lyp {x cp Ylz{z  Yz~ R[z nly x. 1916  YKF ~xM u[xp ~vl { ~z x v ~q  nzxf Rll {j x.
 nzx u[xp ~vl { r~ 1921  vzpv tzrx rz~ U~xf ~{x ~q rx x. Wf X{p ~pp {zlf YYpK {ll v[ny x. ~{x Ryw { pY {zlf Sppf ~zf p x. {zlff ~v W{Yf ycx exY z~ Yly U~x {hY RlM n RtN vl[ ~x e{yx z~ ~{xf tqp pt ppv R{Y, nY} e{yxY z~ rn|x r~no vf lyj ~zf  x.
K rv ~z[ lx {p~YK ~Y ~ vf v[ rN x. Yh Yz rfpv v{rxp ~lf vf Yv ~z t nv {l rpvN R~l uYx. tno ~no~mp Rlp X {hlv uYvl { ~mpx, Yly tx. A {p f Yly Acpl lp rz~x z{ Yly txf rN| {p lp vyY{z  vzY, rpY rnppf ~{Yfl x p rpp vf Rj  t.
K Ryx zn ~z W [x x. tzpv Wlp vz R~pxY vf yjx Y X r r ~fpY Yy tx {G ly ~{fv vz R~p lyY tpnNN x. p Sp {pnpN px v[p{j ~~ ly txf xppf Wppf rfp [l.
vv ~p Rlyly ryYnyYvp lyY xj {ppf t t{ Xf ~lppf x. W~ l{l YpY ~v[ {z  t~ WYY zf [l  Wx v[ r{px ~q ryf KK x. Wpp Wppv Wxp zu zt. zuxp l{l t~ WYY [l ~z ~{Mjrz t~ ~{x RyKu Y x. WYz Yly tx R~zp Wx r~Yy xp t~{zf X x[xY Y x. A Wlp xp f txf rkyY nvp z~ x. x[x RYyfv rr. |z z~ Wxp vnz WYl {ppf rfp [l Rly A ztp v ~lxYv tx xj{ r~v xnNN x.
Yz[l {lv 1941  ~z Yly p[yr lplyf rl {j x. Yly tx xj Yyp Wx Y tz [v zYv ycYx Yf[p ~ ~z[ xj{ n tz ~x {{ppf x. Al ~v[v X[ ~{Mjrz t~ ~{x ~{l - {~fp pp {p~ x. K {p f t~ ym |z rvjxY ~v[p yG Sv {ryxY t{f ~{l {~fp rl{ t. W~v tp {p~ rtq Yfxl{z rzY RoY}{yx {x n ~z x. lv[ ~x Yfxl tz ~x  xj {pp lv l tp {p~f t R~l uYx ~ xx ~z lyv vp Y x.
YMxY}vl{  vcp ~{Y nrY}x Yy ~ ~zzz Y{ ~z[ xj{ Sl N[{l x. rmv {yf vyf {~xpf lGf nY t~xY xppf R{~m{ UYy pp X x. v~ p~l y SrxvY ztp ~p Rly W{Yf ~ ycx zYN ~x t~ {ry ycx ~l Yy [vf yjx Yyp z. Sp ~j ~z pN. ~v rvY pv{ lv xfl r{ ~xv t~  r  UrYyj ycxf r{y p ~z, A rl[xp ycxf {h X ~lf x. vpn {~{[p R R|M{nxY { K t~ rzzN{f r~ X {pl {ry rxYv Ryw ~ x.
Yly p[h zfY~ YrM}p ~v[vf Rxl |z YMvpl |z{Y zxf [p W o {M[x fxM, xJ, tf, z YK, Ytz Rx }rnpx Yyp YMvpl {ry rxY RywN x. p |z YMvpl |z rYv ~z ~l x. ~z[ n{~ [ [x {ryv ~vc~{ Yfxl ~q x. tznY} ~[vx, ~z h ~vcx, Yly p[Y ~vcx, zY }x y[ vMnp {ryx, zY cY Rq[  ~[vx, v RyY}Y ~[vx,  ~[vx, vt ~[vx, Yw lyj tno ~x R ~ ~Y X ~vYxY x.
lv Rl lt ~v nxYv ~MmY{, }jxp[p, {Y ~yY}j Yf, ~{Mopx Yf ~vcxf  Urv ~{x Sf v X RYyfv Y x. K {p f RYMvj{ t Yw lyj tno ~[vx ~ur oyxf rl { ~z tzz lyj tno ~ vo~mpx lv opxp |z{Y ~N x. A lv v{rxpf r r~ Spr~ Yw YfN n ~ [hp[zzY ~n{ Wx ~~z vpyxY t{f rl Y x.
f Rvly{ ~z Yly lvp ~l{ t WYv {~l, Shvl, rn|x nyxpf S[v ~q r~zY ~vf rl[ Y x. Rn Yly tzY nzx  Yly nzx xp{p r~no{ Rll W A ~n { nz nY x. Yly[v {pnp r~ xp Wp ~{lpf NY [vf xK xK Rhrh tp t{ Y X{p {p{p Sl |z NY[yxY n ~vf ~z Yfxl Y x.
e{yxY { ~z  ~[vx ry {~y p{xY ~ur z~ Yfxl Y x. K Yzx Wv ~[vxf ~y [hp[zzY `YvY t. A f ~z [hp[zzY lp{ Wx n rl[ Y x. R[vf, nvf ~z l Y{nfl  uYxY x. nK Rorpx Sl Sp R[x Y x. A ~v ry {~y 17 Y Yw lyj tno ~x ~ur oyx nyp ~x  nK r~z rl vjx Yy{ tno Rorpx p[ ~fvf Yfxl Y x.
vyf ~~YY nrMlKpl{Y, ycx Rp[xp rfvf vz  x Y ry[x n ~z n ~x~ x. K ~xv {h ycY Rly{yx ~z ~pG ~uN Ur ~ur z~ rl {j x. A {Yz [l{ppf ry yG rzYx n, uY}p {p~ n, o {rYx n ~z Bpv nxYf Rl lt{l A nx ~MmY vf lyK {~p{pl RlY R Yyj vxp rrp n{lY R, R~vp tnxY  RxY z~ ~zYppf rfp [l ~ x. rn [y tvp X ~x R{ ~ X rn, [y tvp ~x [x pl.
X[ |yn pvp n|rzp }lxf rz ~{xY zt [vf ~pG ~u{f rlYy [l Rly Ur ~ur z~ {~y xY n, Sp r~ {~y RfY W ~ur oyx n S~N x. Yrvj {h ycY tz {{ n X[p {p ~{x {vY ~ RhvY p{. K Yzx tzrx, {zlf YYpK[ {ll r lv ~l ShYhK  [hp[z Rx ~xzz {p Yy{[l ~z W |z y xp YMvpl|z{Y SY x. lv[ [K ~pf [ny Sq[pv  Kt Yy[p {l vf v[Y ~z~v ~z[ {{vp{ x. v~ n~ [jpY W x{ zt.
v Y{yj ~[vx, zY rY ~[vx, zY }x y[x {YK Rxlp R ~Y ~ur oyx nyp W RZjh xY ~{xY Sf Y ~z R{ [x Ylp {{ n  Sv xj{, ~{Mopx R Y x. vz~ pp{l{ X ~p [pxp RpM] ~{x n|x, n|x t np l R Y rx. [y{x. fY rvx. W~v ~z n ~x~ ~p Sf Y Rp[ ~{xf [y vY z~ Wlv pxG rnxp rnp z x. Wlp ~f Wlv Qvl xp pvxp p{p zx.
~v pYv Rxv R{  rpny lyf rvj Yly tx {l rj {qr n{~ {h Ryv Qvl ~z n ~x~[ ~l x. pnf ry tp {q nxpf r  pnf xpp x. ~xK pY [vf  [rllf xpp pK A xp Wp v fYv {zlf v{rxp[ ~p Yl r lp {px p{l t~ W [~ v{rxp {q xv X[ ~l x.
lx, opx, Yzx, |vx, tnx xp ~xzzv [v, yf, cx, R[v  n|rzpx {p{p YrYy lx R{~p R|x rxp Yzx [{ ~. Qvl ~z n ~x~ {yY rl YzNxY ~v[ r{ ~YDb{Y  v~ N x.
p vv n~. YDay {~l{ tjl {hY p. A XYYv YK r n{z. vv Urppl ~l opxY p{. vv vyppl ~l opxY p{. v[ ~lf, v[ ~p~zz n v[ |Yx tno oMvxx. v {l {ply nxp[ Y{yjx vf zJ...
Qvl ~z {l {jl, ~zz Kt Yl lv r~ p{ yf, cx, R[v {p{. lx R{~p Yzx ~x n{z rtq R| Rly n~ rvl lp Yz [{ K Uy ~ WYn~ p{~x ll RG cp{ n{ Q zY{f |}f ~{xY SfYy cxp ~v [ll x.
~Y~ Y
vp Y[Krx