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n rf{

ytM  ~vp [ zY}j R, Y {p { f nY{y WY Yl ry tj ~v rp p{ Yv {xY rnvf Wv rMx}Yx ~vl{ ~. vv ~{x ~{rlK xpljx rfr~ R x{zx {pp ~~xc p{p RplM xYl{xY y xY {p ~r RjY WYz~vY t{ X{ r{~.

qpp qpp x x {p Ryv rv p{ {xY!

vY~Y rn~ {l { R~fY{yp Uh rp ytM tzxp h Yyp f ~rdd RYvYx rv {. X{p ~lx Wv tzxf ullvxY RyY[p R t{. A f ~x{~ [jp{Yf ry x. Wl W{v ytM tzxY nYf Yr {p { r nY WYf lt f ry tj ~v WYf t pK, Rn n{~ r{ W{ppY ~{px ~YvY z~ x. rvx pK, W{ ~YvY rvf p rMx}Yxp r~Y ~vl  ~vx.
ytM  ~vp [ zY}j R, Y {p { f nY{y WY Yl ry tj ~v rp p{ Yv {xY rnvf Wv rMx}Yx ~vl{ ~. vv ~{x ~{rlK xpljx rfr~ R x{zx {pp ~~xc p{p RplM xYl{xY y xY {p ~r RjY WYz~vY t{ X{ r{~. vv {x p{l p{l p Yl, Wv K zY}jx {p~ p{p t{ r{~.
v{ ~{x ~{rl K [j[xY ~l {xY rtq{ YzY rfp nexp[ R{opx xv{ . rl{Ml rx{Y nY{p l {xY  {pl {xY lf RplM[l Y W{ {xY rtq{ n nexp[ R{opx xv . v{ {xY oYyxp rxcpxf [l x. W{ {xY x lp y YhY S [x ~p { tno {p Rl. W{ ~]fY x lp pl Rzr Y [ y, ym{p Rx vlrf p{p~{ t Yz r{p Rl. {n }lx  pK, vv {xp x[p SJ Rl{x {p Yv R~  Yzc {  rnx x.
W~.RM. {xG pK rMx}YxY UlryYxY ~l rzvM {xY lf Y} Yyz |}xY | Yyp vv rMx}j }lx WY ~~mpxY ~fp Y x. W  {x j f, W R Y} Yyz Y xp Rly Sp Yl{p y~xY (monomers) {x R UlryYx ~v[ v~  t R{xYyj rx{Y ~ Yyp j lp x tno Yyx. W{ {xY ~{x ~{rlvY ~q ty x{Y ~ v R{| p{ll, WYv lpY n{yY vf zY {{l Wx p{l tno v ~ pN.
ap pK l{l rMx}YxY ~p v{ {xY rnv ~q {pl YvNnxY ul Yyp z. W  X x [ll y~ tpop ~l pYyjx Y tR{x{Yx. W |} {n[lYv {x WYv lpY p{l p{l  [x n  [x ~mpx rxY [jx pp~ r{vx. Wl v{ tR{x{YxY Yv{ rnv }Yy Rly Wv rx{ |] v ~q U}jl{x { ty UllcpxY n R{~ N.
r. YxM Rl ~[xp, Srl Y p{ Yvx Sl ~x Yv Rt{ xx. W  ul Yyp ~r RjY WYz~K Yvxp ytM{z ~x [j[ ~l {xY rn{p{ rvjY p{ W ~{x ~{rlK [jx n r{. ~vpxp ~KrxY ytM{z Rll [ v {p Rly y~ tpop ~l t R{x{xY Rvf zY Yy n~ Yl p{l W rv ~{u{xf rl{p Rl. Wl K nYv {p{f YxM ul Yy Rll {pl Rj nYY ~v[ ~Ktpo {p Yh ditopic Rj ~ {pl Rj nYf { [jpY ~Ktpo {p multitopic Rj{z |jx. v rszxY z~ lpp ~r RjY czx v[p xhcp tpop y RMo y~tpol{Y rppK Yyp Rly W~ {x Rnp~ [jxY n R YM. vv {x vY R { f W R xhcp tpop y{yjx N. v~ {pp xhcp tpop{z ~{x WYz~ K |Yx ~~xc tpop{z Wv |Yxf {h Rh t. Wv ~ Wv j nY{y ~ lll{x r{ xx ~zx  Rly yrx Y{p Rxy ~yz{ nY{y WY Y Yz Wx rp Rl.
nY{y WYf lt { Nz{Y [l{ppf [l{ppf tpopx l{ l{l |Yvl N. Y~ {{n v ~vp r~, Wx WYf WY v ~q [l{p Yz rylyx n tpopx |Yxf tzrx. Nz{ [l{p f nY{y r Rj A R{f R Rj ~v[ ~Ktpo vf rzwp Rly R{~px  nY{y K [jx x  xx. Wl W~ K [jx ~KrMjxp v x xvf Yvy U}jl{ lll{xp l ~xY rvj YzxY [l N.
vv {x R WYv Rhrh{ z~ ~zx YY Wx vf pK nY{y WYf x Yy ll 15Y rvj lvf ~vx.
vv ~r RjY YvNnx rx[Y vGfvf [p Avf v ~lff Yyj. f ry Rl t v{ {{z r~Y ~oY (U}jl{x {) tzr{l vv p{ {x ~vp U}jl{xv ul Y  v |}l{x.
lyY [v[
(paM R~)

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Spx{ n{f lp nx!

Spx R[vl vpvp ~ Wyf n Y}l{z ~ nlvY rY}j Yfxl ~{Mopx K Ryvp |z {rxY S {~y l xl vf xcp Yy Rl.
vv {rxf Rp{, p{ |{nz 30Y n, nlvY rY}j ~ [N}jxf vo~mp 05Y n, lY}jNnx  ~Ktpo vjhz 08Y n ~ lyly ~pNnp lY}jx rtq Roxpxpf |} Rxlp 20Y n Spx{ ry {rl vf xcp  Rl.
v l{l RxyY z~ T` {~y 05 l  o t R{xY }rnp YMvpl (polytechnics) (Uyj z~ rzp ~ pxzp }rnp YMvpl) 1600Y n, {lx rj vo~mp 10,000Y ~ ~c Y~zl { xj K Rxlp 50,000Y n RyKu vf rx{y [p Rl.
l{n Wyf ~p zxpxY rvj [ r~z ny{pf Spxp yrxz 5000Y (Us$130) t[p { |}l{ RoyxY n, n }lxp rtq Ur yppp f Spxp yrxz zY}x (100,000) t[p |}l{ 10,000Y n zt v vv {rx rop RyvjY  Rl.
vxf Rvly{ r~z Rorpx R{~p { lyj lyxp f p}Y n{ (nuclear Science) ~ Ru{Y| n (space Science) rtq rgvz zt vf n X vv p{ {rx v[p xcp Yy Rl.
vv {~M cp{x  SpxN 95 {p {yf r{ n ~v{f R[vl{yx ~p vv p{ xcp {rx Srl Yy. W X l{yfl ~x Rn~ nY{p Rn zYx xj {p r{p Sl {p n }lxY {p Y{pfK n }lx Wyf Yr rpp {p~Y R Y xl t{ ~vN  rY| Yyp z.
vv {rx ~q p{ xcp l{ yfl Srl vf v~ 06Y rvj YzxY Spx ycx ~p Wyf nexpf zt  R t{ ~qp N.
Wl v{ ~~z {rxY RyKu v ~q YYzp{ |z vnzY {xv Wyf n ~ l}j vjhz{zf vl Rux[xY {p t{ t[zM (Bangalore) n vjhzx rop nexY z~ Yfxl Yyp rpYM alM r{~x.
PD

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xj rjv zY}j ~l Yrf r{zv ~vYxY !

K Rvl RhKtyYy Yyzz n~ vlY tz ~pp ! Jackdows z~ p{p vv Rry r}x lpx [x ~ p[Y r~y{z tz z~ v{p Rly, Yh Yp  ~ ~p Ry z~ zt[p S{lzp rzly Yf~ a {M[, Rx vl xrx. vv {M[x rY}p Rlp {hl Yr rppp n vv cYh~x.
vv Yyzzp YMvpl|z{zp Sf np KY{ () vl ~vyf lv Ynz Mvjx Yyp Rly, K ~ KY{ R{yvp YpYyDaz |JnxY R {x. t npY[ R~ vv Yyzzp {lf xv{pp Wfx.
|l Yzx  U~p vv Yyzzp[ xj pnx R~. p[Y cpMj rn|{z n Up Rlrly {~ ~p x x. xj  z r ~ x[zY ~l cYh~ YlyK p[Y rn|{z ~~y{ n, ~p[p RplyY p{p yY ~vf {[tz [x.
Yjf ~l p{z  vxp |l ~` X{pf pnpx. |l x ~` vv Yyzzp[ pnpx {hl { Yyx.
cYh~ Yyzz[ ~vc aMx{n ~|}x. lpx l ~p Yyzzp[p Yrf r{zf Rxl Yhv Yyzz z~ p{pp vv rY}x x. v{p lYzx ry{fv Rnyxp { [l Yyp Rly, {pl Yyzzp vp zzx vy vY pYyx.
|l Vl{ l  Rlrly ly [{~p Yy ch{ ~Y {|xpv S Yzx  rf{p Yyp nvrx x{. n~KtM - cp{ Yzx l  vv r}p tz z~ ~ayjx Yyp Rly ly [v l [v [v pnxp [x rn| avlYy Yy{x.
RpY Yyzzp vp p{ ryMmY aMx yf{p n cYh~ Sxp ~x. lvp ~p Rz [pp Ry l{ uY v {p{f lv ~ny Yyzzp Rly t  [K ~lY vv Yyzzp ~l{ r{.
~tpv v{ xj aMx yf{p x YY rjvxp xj ~ll{xp Rlyx. K ~x Yyj ~zY tzK  r xpp Yrf r{zf Rxl cYh~ ~|} YyzzY {p t{x.
(BBC WILD LIFE R~)
{n .. avz ~{

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RpfYY Rx~ Y{z Rnfl [Y{z z{ lGf !
nex p{ rY}j Ryw

lp rY}j YjhxvY ~p .r.325  rvj rry [x [ Ypnp rf { z{ ryj |z rn|xY RpfYY{p ~x[p Rl. vv z{ r [x rn|x ]p zfy 0.091l 0.31l Rly rvjxY r{p t{f X{p R~lKpl Yy J.
vv [Ypn r~[x {~y 10,000 l Wv rn|x rry[x R |zv [Ypn t{ X{p[ |{~x. vv rrv YlyK |zx xll Wxp rf { z{ ~ K {}r zfy 12Y rvj rn|xY ry [z[~ Rl.
v~ rf { K {}r v[p RpfYYN Rx~ lGf rxY lv |z {l Yy (Clow holes) ~ R Rly rf { z{ Rn {p ly RyY}  Rll {p {y Wv z{ vl v {vl, r~{ Wv z{ [wy Rx~ lGf{z np[l vp xx Wv rY}j YjhxK Rn~  Rl.
v [ Ypn rry [x Yzplyx r{ X{p ~p {y{ Y}jx Yy Rll z{ vl v lprl  R RYyxl A{ Rx~ lGf l R~ R RYyxl rnpK Yy [. X{p vv rryK |zl{x n {|xp Mjx Y n Wx {y z~ [jpx vf lyK ~Y} rvj{l  pl.
HH {[p (David vaughan) r{~pp X{p ~p Roxpx Y o [ Y rryK rtq zt[l nll{zp {yv nll zt[l   Rll vv [ Ypn rryv l.
vv |z rrK Rly Yh rvjx [ Y n rry xppf Rlx ~Y Y n Rx~ l lprl  t tvxY z{ lGf, Rx~ xvl ~v[ vnf ~[~ W { z{ lGf v rlz lprl  vp {y ~Y} ~v Rr~ YMxxY  Rl.
vv [f{ ~ [vf u ne Y~Gp [z (Karsten Gohl) RpfYY rn|x ~[y rlz lprl  Rlx xp z{ lGf [N}jx ~q {~y 2010 ~q { {rxY [p tzryll lt ~x.

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Rx~ Y x{pp [zx Uj~vf {h [ Y Uj~vp

tfy RpfYYN rxp rl (Pine Island) R|l{ r{p [z~xM (Rx~ Y) RY |]l{xp x xK lMcpxYf zY{ R t{ u nexp rp{  Rl. X{p[ [jpxpf Rp{ WY [z~xyxY {M}xY l  [p zfyxY rvj n U~p fM rxY n {|xp x  ~[y czxf WYl {p t{ l{y  J. vz~ Rx~ Y xv ~ ~v {M}xYv ~[y cz vGfv fM 1.5Y rvj {{p t{ r [~ Rl.
o{|l{ r{p Rx~ Y xvf rop l{ ~[y cz vGfv Uj~K v xx nexp YzY ~~ |{~ Y n vv [z~xM xvf roplv l{ {pp [z~xM{zf rp r{p [ Y{z RY U}jl{x t{ p l{y  Rl.
|oM Rppn }j pv unex r{~pp xK YpYf tfy RpfYYN [z~xy xv rtq lv vlx l{y vf Sl ~Yy R [N}j Roxpx vf Rl{| t{x.

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rzp t[ vvf px ry{ Rlf [!

Yv rzp Uy ul ~{uY r~yxf lYy p{p t{ zY{f rvjY p{ pxf r{ R{to  Rl. vv l{ ~ p ycx Wyf cpl{[p rzp Uy ulx Rl vf  xvM[ Rp[vpx Yyp r~ N.
vv xvM[xpf Rp{ 2008 c v~ rv {p p ~f px ~xv {q~z Yy{pf X{p {l rjp ru[Yxpf rzp Uy pzx ztv lpK Yy Rl. l{n c v~ rv{p p ~f 0.025mm (zfy) {h Rh ]pYp xl Rzfp Uy (Ultrathin bags) }rnpx {v n ~KrMjxpv lpK vf rx{y [p Rl.
p ycx ~p Rp[vpx Yy R vv xvM[ r~yxf lY {{l, Wyf cpl{ v{ xvM[ ycx ~p Rp[vpx v ru[Yxp {|xp X{p f  R~oyjxY ~{p t{f yox r {p J. rrz~ Hz (Peoples Daily) pv r{lrl v[p K rtq ~Y cpvl v~vp   Rll Wyf cpl{[ tlyxY p ycx [p R vv xvM[xf ~x RYvll rY| Yy R t{x.
vv Yv rzp ulx ~{uY r~yxf lYy p{p t{ Rn pxf rvjY p{ zYx ~~ yf{z {p nYj RrY{, RxMzplx, t[zn|x ~ X~Gzx{ { yf{z{zf n R{to vp A yf{z n rzp ulx Rlvf rx{y [p J.
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