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 vp pnY p{ v v {h Yy xp Sxf R vpz vnzz - ~vrz tjhy[h

[zz tnn[v tjhy[h r{z lp{x { ~vrz tjhy[hf {rYxY K R~{ R {x {x~ R{y nlpY lyY lyK Yzx x. K Yzx X[ RKv[ vzz ~vp~f {zz{ll lyvY rvjx fz ~ JY {ryxY . X {~f xp Wp R{~m{p vv { {rYxY {ppf ~vrz[ l R~{Y [h p[jx.
[lp vNrxp ~xp vnzp ~ny ~nxp l npY ~v[ {l {{l Yzx xf R { xK xK RMY Rr~l n X[ lf pj x. r{p r~YvY pt [K r{p yl nrxp zfM WYvyY rvj xp Wp 10 { rp nY{ X r~z [xx. tnn[v Kvzx ycx zp u[xf r ~vp r~ X r~z xv p{l x. A Yw vv `f Wppf ~l [px.
~vrz Yw xp{f vNrxp Yv {x pl. Wpvl ~vp~ vv `f xK l{YYy ~lzzp v X ~xx. 1965 {~M n~KtM v~ pxY ~vrz A ~q R{~m{Y U Yy [llx.
R{|l{Yf {n vl  Yw [x lll ~v[ ~vrz n Yw RN vv tz [ny Wp t{ x. {ry ~ RvY  p{ r~zf R Y~xp  Yz~vp Yw Wp ~vrz[ l ~z~vY . A vv ` Wp Y~  p{ppfx. ~vp~ fzxp ~vrz x lll {n vll ~v[ rfl{ [x RlM ~vrz l R Rn~ vvf Nx. vv ~vrz p{p{f Yv x.
lllz R{v vv Rx [ny xpp t N{. AYf YvY p xz v{ vv ` xz lllz [ny [x. vv vf ~yK Y~ rxY Ryp pp. vv ply {z xl YHvx. vl vv WYY YH p{lj.
{x~ R{y ~ nYY lyK { ~vp~f A {p f {zz{ll Yh{f {{l fzxY ~ ~zzy YhxY . W ~{Yxp n x l npY ~x. Wlp rfp ~vrz n fzx RpY ~{Yxp  WY{ {h Yx. Rl UnN v v vpv Y~~xf [~ YvUxp A{ n tz[p ry x. fzx Yv np ~{Yxp[p YpY nnpY Rh { pf vv n Y~~xf rj Uxp Rxyl JYxf [~ Yv np Rxyl ~vrz Y t. A ~ {h ry { ~vrzl Y~~x Yv Svl JY Yv ~vl Yx.
th[ { f [ny  Yv [p rynnY tjl fzx RlK f th[pp S{~[p rx rxY ~ppf ~ {x. A ~p` Rh {p {z{Y Wp lyx. {ryxY xj Yypp pK lvp [p vz lp  lp{f {h {ryx [p ~K {n[lYv vv ~vrzf W{p R{~m{z x ppx.
vv ` {h Y x ~vrz[ Rlf vv[p {frY ztj pl. Yv v, SK fK n RKn vv[p ztj Rly rj Y Yzp X lrz YplyN ~vrz pp [jvY {l Yy Tf yrxz 25 [jp KKx.
{~yY rvj [l {p f {h Yfxl Sl BpYp S[p [l ~vrzf vv ~p fzx vnz Y{pfyx r{ ty ppx. Uxppf W{ v vpv ~zzy Yhxf th [p RNl rfYf{. A ~q vvf {p xY t. ~vrz fzxf rj {~y nYY rvj [{n vv X n rfYf{f Yq{[p [xx. th z [pp lp, z [pp Rxy Xf x ppx. Rply{ vv ~p [p zt th [xYf nv {p ymx {l [p Av ~ {j n ~vrz Rpvx.
Y~~x Uxppf xp f W rDxf tj ny zr. zrf rv Wrv Yyr ycYxY x. pppf {ly zt [ppf {x ~l nxY v.  [ppf zv n ~{r~ tp ly{x. Wl ~vrz K ~xzz S{~ ny ~xx. vv Xf YyY vl Y{  vv { {ryxY rfp [pK Rn~l ~l l tjx.
vv { {j v Yw Rl R{y lyp. { {pp Yzp Wx Ytz r~ v{lp ShvY Ryp [xY {. A ~ { {z vv A [ny rxf [x. Tf r~~ vv YHf xpp Wpp {z{Y  [ll. v YHv p{lj. vv p{z fr Yz Yyr, ~x tzr v {hYv Tf r~~ {j v[ Rp. vvf A {pYf l{l {ry ~ {lr tz [ppl tj.
A Rp{ fzx ~x {h R{~p {ply y 12 r~ {plyl ~vrz {h Yx. p{ll U~p rf R{{ RpYl Rxl ~v[ {h rfp [llx. Wx YlyK {~Yy YfxllY {{l l R Ryvj cx [ppf {{vp ~ X S{~vp {h Yx.
{~y 10Y ~~ ~vp~ {ryx ~{x Y ~vrzf 1975 {~y {p f ~zzy YhxY lvpv RyK ~zzY R x. 1967 {~M rfp yrxz 25p rfp [l tY [jv A {p f yrxz 8000Y rvj WYl  . A ~ X l R Rn~ vvf Nx.
~vrz[ Rn~f vv yno {x pl. Wl X WY R{{nxY ppx. yG r{p lll{x vN Rp {ryxY Ryw Yyppf Rvy t{ X lyK Yy ppx. A ~ {ryxY l{ Yyppfv {{vp pK A {p fl ~vrz tz x [l fzx ty [p {h Yy[p xp z~ n X Nx. A n [~vYf Rp{x. pYf ztp Rxp yrxz 100Y vvf zt x xl x. ~vrz Tf Yv x. A {p f vv[ {ryx l{l xj{ y ~rr{Y Rl Yh n R  txp fzx ~vrzf pp x |} rh{Y p{.
1976 Rrz v~x ~f ~vrz fzx Yyppf ty [llx. rfYf{f [~ th [pl K ~f t ycY X Rp ~ x. [{j Yzxfl {h Xf vp~ {ppf ~ x. R}gpxY R{ {ryx ty [l ~n pp p ztp Rxv { x. pYf yrxz n~xxY rvj S Yyppf lyK q RxvY z. {~y nYY rvj [{p f ~vrz Rl yrxz 75000Y rvj vnzY S{ . A vnz xn{ l{l {ryxY Rywppf ~l ~ Xf pY xY ~p A Rn~ xlvY Y  RyxY zt np z. A vy[v vpz pK { {ryxY Yjppf R t{x. ~vrz rj Wx tNx. vy[v px rMa~ lpY rvj ShY rfr~f zz [~ Sr~ YpG{zp ~ ly ~G ~z Y fzxY n Fyv px Yh ShY zz [~ JYxY n ~ Tfv x{ Y WYY Yjppf xl {ryxf Rx x. Wx Yy {ryx yrxz 1, 20,000Yf Yjp t{ {l ~vrz Yl{p Wx 1, 10,000Yf Rh Yy [llx. Rl Rll yrxz 75,000Y t{ n Nx. Rl t vnzf {ryx ~vrzf r{y Yy r~{ S vnz ztp Rxp [{p z~ n Nx. A {p f fzx ~ JYx rf{ t Yz [hp[z nY v X n Yz rnpvf [llx.
vpz {ryx z [llf r~ vv[ fzx xl Xfv ty Yx. Rl {ryx {h X 78 vx v~x Ryw Rly {ryx { vpz pv {p~ Yyppf Xf ~lj pl. X {ryx z [ll n W ~{x Y ~{Yxp r~ x np n ~v[x. Wpvl JYx ~ ~{Yxp {ryx xj Yyp{f {h rlf Rn nvp ~p {h Y Rx t{ vz px v ~vrz lyK [llx. Xl ~v[ W~ {h Y p tN lyK [l JY ~{Yx n{ px Yv nppf r ~Y~ Yf lt X{ xppf [~ ~x. A R{~mN ~vrz JY t~ {jx. X ~x {h p ~ ~ JY ~{Yxp [x x rh{Y p. vz p rx v A pp X ~Nx.
Wp JYxf ~ fzxf R{| th [p Wppf Xf rfYf{f xppf ~ {x t~x. W Rr~l{x pp pv pjp v~Y R{~px Y~  X {p ymxY z [ppf ~lNx. A {p f X {f ~ pxp[l lyp[l UnN{p vnz R{|l{x ~r yrxz 12,000Yf X {p ymxY n z [llx. Wxp th [p Wppf vpv JYx ~f vy[v fzxf ~ Yv [p Wppf n r~{pv  x. K p{zv .~.~. Rxlpx Rrp |z{f n Yv ~rxvf Rj{vY z. v {p x xy vpv th rf{pp n, th tpp z~ n ~{x Yl ~vrzx.
R{ynnY ~~ vv Urvxpv vp~ {j. vv lxv {h Yyr n{~ r{ tj. JYx Yv np A{ Y f. A {h S{y {pp rpny lyf.  [ll Tf r~~x.  [pp tj Wlpv tj r zz YvyxY. ~v ~{r~{Y pl{x. Al A vp~x rsz R{ynnY nYY xp Yf vf ztj.
A {p f ShvY [p [nyY nppf ~lp ~ ~vrz pY A tN vpz {ryx vz Yy { cxYvf Nx. X[ {~ Srf rf Yjppf t rMa~ 20Y Shv yrxz 16000Yf z [ppf A vl ~vrzf Yl Yy ppx. A 1980 R{ynnx. tY jxY n zt [l ~vrz {~ ~K Yfxl Ryx. Xf vpz pK {~p{px lxfv  Yy [ppf Rlzv {fjl K p{zx. cxYv vnzz[ xx vpz  ~vrz Rly Rny ~Ktpox [h p[j ly {~ [h p[p lpf R[x Yzxx. {~yp {~ ~ R{~p Y Rly {xp[ R|M{nx vl 83 {~M ~vrz tjhy[h[  vpz cxYv Rly {x ~ x.
pp p vpz {ryx xj {jx. A {p f {ry Yfxl{zp Rl{ ~ vvjxf ~vrz vy[p y ~rr{Y RyKu Yy ppx. vy[v vpz fzx r{ Yz [hp[zz X vnzf [llx. Rply{ Wv [hp[zz Rl Yy Wx lyvY |z rvjx fzxY t{f rl Yx. 89 {~M  cxYv vnzz x [xx. Xf RyKu Yy p y ~rr{ r~{ xY tz [ll n {~y rY rvj xn Wx rh [p ppp {~ vNx. ~vrz Wv ~mpx JY rnM|p[yxY RyKu Yx.
Yzxp Urv rxcp [p {ryx xj Y ~vrz 80 [jp {p f W rsz p ~xx.
K Yzx {ll[ny px Yjppf t rMa~ 45Y ShvY X z [llx. A Shv r~YK ~r JYxY {p{p X ~Nvz [hp[zzY S Yx. JY rnM|p[yxY, Ul~{ |z nYY ~ JYxY W x. A R{~mN vnz `rh ~ tY jxY zt [ppf n Xf ~ x. 93 {l Y Wxf Fyv px t JY }rnp Yfxl [p R Rly Rvly{ Yfp r~Yv n WY Yx. {~y 18Y rvj [{p f vpz {ryx rz x. vy[v px, n{z rM, xz{z rMl rnM|p[y R x. vy[v px vzpv [l [hp[zz 97 {~M y ~rr{Y t{f rl Yx. Rn {p f vpz {ryx ~l rnM|p[y rY rvj R Rly Wxp WYY y RpY [hp[z Xf ~ppYYyv ~l A{x.
2000 {~M Yp {~Y ~ [v ~q tKtzrx RphM~p ryp ShvY z [l ~vrz W nvz {~Y S Yx. K {p f lyr Y~p tjhy[h rl r{zf WY  ~ Rly 2003 {~M X{p Wv {~ rxf [x. vpz JYx t ny ~ ~z ryj {p{f 2006 {~M  cMvxp [p { pp ~{xx ryj{Y W ~ Yx.
vnv Y{yl np Yz Spp p{ Rr Ul~xp x [pp Bp. Ul~x xp{ pK xj {pp Rvy p. SYvp [vpp {ry cx [pp t. Yrv, S{~v, xppv Bp. v[ xj{ Yrv ~ S{~vx.
{~y 30Y rvj {ry Y}lx r [vp { }Yyl  cx [K lrvl Yyp ~vrz[ WYv tzryll{ n pf {ryxf WY{ ~p ~xy[ rl y[ ~v Y{  lyr rl n {ryxf WY Yy [vx.
~fp : xY ppxYYy
bxyr : az Yyjylp