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K R`zY{l p{ X~ r ~f{p ycyf Yv

~vc v{yY z~ Rpp[ ShK{z X~r ~f{p Rry ~Y r~[x  vf v x.
rppy{, p{ p[yx rM rl[z rn~ {~p X pp Y. . Yv~ x.
Sppf, ppf lvp[ x [xY yY{l p Yv~ vv ~vc ~lYyx RyKu Yf pf R{y ~rY, Y rvj {p t{ r{~x.
pf f { x r~{p Yv~ t np p{px Yv xp Rny ty pvx. n|x {nYK R{| Yyp Slvl Mzu [jx X}o Rl{ X}o {M[ y~xxYf RY rvjxY lvp {[ Yy R X~ Uxp{z tp t{ Yv xx.
~{Y[l UnN UrYyxY pv{ Rpp[ xrl Un~ lvp[ l xp Uy ~vc YfxllY xnp Wv Mzu ~ rtq Ylplyxx K [ ypx...
vp{y ~YYx ~rllN, RYwy v[ Urp [v. r Yz Sqzv vz {[ v, tl r {[ v v[ p|xY. [K [H Yf tl {M[xY x [pp Bp {jv Rr lll{ x[p Wp ~lY tj. lll lvx A tl xz pp. A Ru~xl vf ztj, K xf tl r {[ Yypp. K rynnv lvx f ~ R{ynnYf Yzp rppy{f Rl rfp [ll tl r {[ v ~q vf ztj.
f ~ Rf {~yYf rvj ry [hp[z nrMlKplN ~ x{Yf tj Yv vzpv x{ Y vp{y Uly YGg~x x.
Sp {~y rxYf r~{ rppy{f ~mp vy{Y zt r Yvf r{yj ycYx {x rppy{ p{ p[yx r [hp[z nrMlKplN cz xpl xYy z~ Yfxl vx. W {~y 16 Y lyK [ YzxY X rppy{ v yz cz xpl xYy z~ Yfxl Y x.
yz Wp R{| Yfxl ~q czx ~rxK vzY {[v pr SfYyp Rlyly Yv cz fx, cz rKr[yx R{f r~yx RzYy X~ UxpY Mvjx vf rx{y [ll x.
rppyN p[yx ~f p{ p[yxf r~p vM[x nY R { Yz ryYK ~vM ~f v {z xxf czx ~rxp rop cz ~rxK vM[xx. W Rl R th {x, R yY}lx { tp Yz yx t tzvf t npYf ~lpx Bp{f Wr{f SJ {{j Yz{Y z~f x. Wl W tpx t YzxY ~~ vl {~ vp~xp Yv {[ Y X}o {M[x.
 Yw, ~{[y, f ~lf, AYNx, Y~ lj, Tlj, tl , z R{x, SNx, Yrry{zzx, lz, rz, Rlnvf, ll,  Yy, lzt, p{ p, RYpn, Rll, l{x {M[ Yv[ X~ Uxp tp X}o {GfyN pK Rlp Rl~~.
R{y ~ RfY ycY lxp vv r[x v~ |v [x. vf xz Spp pp lpY p. R{y ~xp Rl{x{Y pYyr [y {fp z {~ lvx vv l{vl Spp. f Rnnv vf KYp xpp {p{. xpp Yn xz l{v yjxY p. vv K z {~ {G YMxz ShK tl r {M[ 200 Yf {x {[ Yyz xp{. v[p r~~ K{ RyY} Yy [pp YpY p. vf Y v[p r~~ vl WYYzv K{ vz xp WY [px.
lvp[ x Sppf ppf {pY r{ p Yvf lv Rp[lxfl {h { xY Rll lvp {[ Y X}o r{zf f n{~ Rl{p Syjv rtq{x.
vypp Yzp vf zY R~{Y xp{ K Mzu X}o r {M[l WYl Yyz q X}o UxpY R Yypp. Y{y  rl[|zxY [p  Rjh{p  ~~ ShK YzzY AYf ztjl A R. K {p X}o {M[ K yG K rl RyY} {z tjl AY Yf  rxcpxY {p{. K{ p| {z [xl AY rh{ xz v Yypp t. A p Y{y  YvY p {[{ xllp[p vv Szz pp vv n|x X}o {M[ vl ryKry{fl Y [v ~q {hr{Y xnpp xzx.
lvp[ x K R`zY{l pll Rpp[ ~ ycxf Rx K{z X~ r ~f{p X}o r ~K v` v{yYf Yr ~p Yv { v ry}xp plp ~vcx Slvl yzx.
Yh{z {N zY{~ tzY {~x r~[x Yz X~ UxpY RyKu Y. Y{{ [ nzx, Up[z {y v nzx v[ v[ rpv xfl X~ Uxp RyKu Y. A{  ~MmY{ r{l{[p [xl vf zY ~lfY.
M] S~xYf UyvYK xp Rr K ryKrY RxMNn {n Yvx vl{fl RyY} Yy [v Un~ {y X}o p [v ~ A{ ulx Rl{| t{ R{l {p Rl.
v ~ {n ryryY UyvxY p, lvp[ x K R`zY{l p Yv { Rx Rpp[ ShK{z tl r ~f{p ~ {~yYf R~pp YzxY ~~ Sf Yyp ~p Rz v{y vyf ryKrY RxMNn {n Yvx RDpp{ r{lv Un~ t ~ UrYy {p t{ {[{xllp ~p Rrvn{ {f [l xlx.
~{Y[ R{opx r~ p{{ n rppyN, rl[z rn~ ~f n|Y lpYf R~pp YzxY Rpp {p{p X~ Uxp {K Yvpl v{yY x ~p Yvf ~t ~p Rll nppf Yv YpY RlpK yf Rvlpp.
~fp ~ bxyr
Rpyo |{pl

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xyp[ xlYv Rpp[ l vx
Q zYN qv xy[p RnM|xY

X Srj 1922 cp{ 3 {p nYj rl ty{ v{yj YGg~x p[z pK [K  x. r~{ p[z r r~zf [x X r rpx lY S[pv ztN x. r~zp R~  [K x{pf WY  Yw y~x [~N x. Spr~ vv YpY[ W{ YhxY {hf [xx. Wx rf tj rfYfN f{p z Yhx x. A 1942  rvjx. Wv Yzx n{p zY xnoxl ~v[v zY{f W tzrK Wzz {ppf x. xnox Uj~vl ~v[ Yw rYy{ [K tz xppf {. [K [lp {h Yyp {l{ppfx. xnox l{p [K ~xv r~z {~ppf ~ x. v A.RM.r. pK Yply{Y [zz Yf{ RyKu Y x. [K YplyN Xf rxp x{Y zt [ppf  {x  ~nyxY[ vM[x. A W~.WK. cM pK ~ly vl `x. ~ly vlf Rxl { v~ vxpM YM WYY x. Wx S~H Yjhx RYxp xYl x. K ~ly vl ~v[ X rmvoy rp ~q yplyxp v xppf x. Wl X[ npl xv {j ~ly vl {px W{p RYyx n~fx. Wv ~v X l {p WK R~{Y zxzppf x.
pY ~ly vl p Nz{Y X Yyx [ycxp lz Yy Wxf [llx. Wx rj [p{x Sr~f xvY nv YyYv ~ tp X n ~ly vl Yyp RYyxf v YyY{ppf x. {px rj [p{ X xy R~p {  [xyxY nvppf x. Wl ~ {x {px ply v. Rpn vpn { X p{l Yyx [ycxf lz Yy  x.
r~{ X [x A R~z t [ K R|x xy vl{yp v{ppfx. ~ly r{~ f X{ v {pxY Spn{ YzD WY rq{l, RYl R| rtq{l vY zt p. Wx X[ rv xy rhv x.
Yvp p ~ [ xpf X l{v xy {lx S[p [llx.
K 1956 fxK~ r{lrl Rxlpxp r{l { ~v~l zY qv xy ly[xp rv lp [l Y[h ~ ~pv [v[ vl[ lx RyKu Y x. Rn {p f {x~ 85Y {p X W R[v q tjhypxY vx Rp [ v{y fzx  ~x Y~zpxl, ~Yxl zt [l Rxy n r ~lp Rr  v~ r{~x.
YzxY Xv vv lxv {px Ry[p xpp ry {j. r~~ vllxY vf N{ zx~p p{ {p W{pp Wr xz. A ~ vv [zz YDDxf [zz xy tzrlxY [pp {. A 1943  ly. A NzN v[ {x~ Rz Urrppl rply nYYl Ry[p Wpp xz N{. xy tzrlxY [ll Wvx.
r~{ v [zz rpp .Y.W. Yv~Yy vllx ` xy x{ Y. vf vlYx A vllxl WYY vly [zz pxY vypvY vj [z Tf r~~ l[zz vpn ycrY} vllx[ [nyf [x. A vpn vllx[ rx vj [pp.
Xx f A vllx [{ v~ nYY ly Sqz p{l Yw R{. Yw Rzz Yzrx ~.~. n ~z{ ~ly vl ` {h Y. K vllx [{ Spp Yf p{y, p{yWx, Yjvzx Rl{ yf vlpv [x. A 1952 . r~~ vv vaMx F.Wz.~. y[ vllxl WYY ryn Rzz 1956 {pYK {h Y.
Xx Yzx  lvx vlz xz ly[xY r{l{N zYN qv xy ly [pp. A ly[xf y[ vllx[ {pl Ry[p vv p{y ~YY ly[f [x. A ly[xp rv{ ~mpx [ll. r~{ p{y, vlz, Yyj[z ~YY ly[{zp pr Rxf ly[xY Jt. rv{x, n{x, lp{x {j p{ npY Tf r ~x. A ly[xpl vv rv{x

{j. r~~ zYN rl p{xp v pr xyp Ywf [pp{
ly[xY xpp. R{~p ly[x Yw y v n Unpxp rfp[p lz[z lpxvf [zz p{l rynx Sqz Yw p[y ~u rGfxf Rl ly[x v Y. W zY{pv rv{ ~mpx  xy {pp vf {~p{ ztj. W ~v{ tjhypxY vx vf l[ np Yf r{p Rv vrz ~ppxY vlvl x. zYr rllM ~z {[ vllx lvx {Ml Y.
Tf r~~ vaMx y[ vl rynx |{nzxp |v [xf r~~ p{y xy r~zY rfp [ll. 1956 ~f 1985 ly {p ly K r~z {~y 30Y ly tj. vf vlYx A Yz ~yl Rvj[v vllxl rynx Spp Yz v[p hxp S[p [ll. A {pYf vf tj ~.Wp. 5020 v~ vxpM YM WYY.
p vf {x~ 85x. ny{ ly npY Spp{. WY rlY vN KcM YpY. v[ q vzl ~{Mop. vf xpp xpp Rn xyp Rpp[ l [p p~l vnz [p lyx lpp. Rr l [p lz x rn{ ~ W zY{p v rv{ xyf lyj.
~fp  bxyr
rr |pl yl