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vMl 30 {  ~f Yc vjhz x[x UN

nn~ l {~y rop r [xp r npY[v y| vyK ~{p YzxY {p Rly ~y [ vjhzxf Rxl, Wl rfl [xY {|xp ~zYp R`y[ vyK rxY ~|} RYyxp ~v R{opxf xv Y xl Yyj. Yc pl R`y p{px url {|x. W~ pK Yc v r{ YM R |} tzrvY R Yyp t{ Wv[p ~l [l Y. |{ Ypx z[prx vpv Rf Rrx (Url-rl) z~ Rv ~ pv ~Ktpo [x {|xp n ~xK Yjxp ~zYp R`y ~y y tzryYvx xcpx Yypp n {p Rly |yx pK yYlp ~ v| r| rtq RxYyYv nypp N. yfY ycxY ~Ktpoxp ~zK  pK R`y{ o v{f YyYx {p Rly v vl lyj rpxv R`y[p xcpx N. R`y v vy{yxY z~ fY xlvY N. l{l fY vv R`y |{ Ypx z[prx ~  |Yx {l tnx ry}l{x n xcpx YyppY {p Rl.
v{ o Yyj Yyj{zf tzrvY R Yyp Yc {l R`y ~Y p [xY ~ ~zYp Rayvl t{ ~ RMtnY t{ xcpx Yyp y ~v[ WYvf v[ r [p 2007 vMl 30 YKu y|xf rj. p y [vp Yypx YKuxx. YKux R[ ~f r~r~f Wp y YKux vz ~f Sxf xp R`y  WYf WYv Rvlv vzx al nYY vvY {x. vv vv ~{px Rrz 24 {  x. WpK Yc ~ y WYv R|YxY l x[ vx. vv R`y vMl 30  YKuxf rj yl ~v[ WYvl YK r{l{ xl YKuxp T` y|xf vy {px vx 07  x. ~vpxp R`y WY y|xY ~p Yz ~v{ n {|xp v~ WY vyY {{l v{y X ~px Tf Rh Yz ~v{. A Rp{ Yc ~vp vGfvf {h |] [vpY xn. A Rp{ R`y[ tzrv l{ l{l {N. v Yz ~v{ l  R`y [vp Yypx n R`yfv Rxl npf, yf Rxl ~x{~ ~ R{~px  [yf Rxl r{rfr pYl x. Yc, y WYf WY{px yfv Rxl ~x{~ pYl t{ RvlY pY xlx. vyjh R`y, nhJty y ~v[ X[v pYlY WYN. rlzx, rlzxpfv [rp ~mpxY z[K[ll tx.
Sl  RYyxp vMl 30  ~f vx 07 nY{ Yz ~v{ l  R`y YKux [vp v vyf ~Ktpoxp ~zK  {{n pprYy rMx~xp ~vf v[ rnx. n|rzp zYx Yz xp Rl. R`y zY Ypx ycu{x Rr {p x. xK xK Rx Rly r{p ~v[, ~Kv WY`l{p nny [z [~ Rl Rl ~op R x YYx. n|rzpx, lyjx xcpx Yyp ~opxp ~{y|z t{ p{ YztzY t{v Szrrp Rl. Ry}Y R|xp YyYx {p Yc, y ~v[ WY v ~ xK xK Ry}Y rx{y{z  ~fp xl K  n {frf{ vp z~ ~~xp tz x Y xl Rly W~ p{{l r~ l{ppf ~ N. r~[x Yz ~v{ l  v, ~ Ry}Y tn R|xp Sl r|~plvY z~ vv Yfxl{z xl { t{ rz Yyj. Wl ~ p y ~v[ Yc WYv ~ R{p Rxrl tzrv vl v~p|z tnxp lyK JyK Yy [p x Y l MrY vk[l Y. n{yY p{ l{yYv ~l Ry}{ l{y Yy[l xlx.
Ul~{, vcp ~op, rr, Un]}j rvjY p{ xK xK lyj Yf~v xcpx Yyp ~[l ~nM|p  W{ h ly[ { ~lf Unx[x [p np WY ~K ~ {p R{~m{z {{n Rpr}l rh{p Rx  xp YzrpY x xlx. yf rop vMv~mpxpf R {{n p|Y R{~m{p l~l{ tzN[ lp R x  ~ {hl ~zzvl x xlx.
2007 vMl 30 ~f vx 07 nY{ Yz ~v{ l Urp vxp[ Yp{z vv Yc, y ~x[x r{. YKu z[px Rp{ z[px n, ~xf pK l {pp n vx r{p ~ lyvY  z~ tzr{l{p uv n}x xnp xp X{p[ Rp[l { l{z Rxrl tzrK R x Y. W~ vrxp Wv  ny{p[ {vx Yfxl{z rypnK r}jxf {hl vz lpY x xl Rly {[ u[xp xl{ X{p[ {xp ~ Y xl{ Rl. YfY ~ vYy z[p xpf n vx Rf {ppf ~ n{ppf xnp uv n}x N. Wv z[p{zp Urp  ny{p[ n {x  YzrpY x xl{ Rl.
Yc  y WYf WYv p{px Yc vjhz x[x {|x. vxf l{ pK y [xp Rly Sl p rl r [xY ~ ~zYp ~x. A Rp{ ~zK  {{n Yc y WYv WlyK xrl xx { p. A A z[p Rp{ p R Yyp rsz v~x.
K}- Rpr}l op zu R Yyx. zlx, ~r pK xpxp x Y. vnz ztpx xrl vM[{zf {h pr[l vM[{zp x.
{}u- xN {p~K R Yyx. }Y{ vp R Yyp RpnzplvY YyjY ~ r~nxY R Yyx. Wl Wx xrl ~nxYv pN.
mp- Yc, y pv {pp WYv vl, r{p lprl t{ {p~ N. R[Y RnK r{ WlyK [jp p[. y [vp xx Y.
YfY-  x R Yyp ~ Rply rh, z ~zK{zf tp Sh Rl. x ~Ktpoxp anp R N. pKt{, [y{x r x Y.
~- { ~Ktpol{ {  nnyxvf Sh xx Y. YzrpYvp vx vkr{lN. v[z xcpx ~m{y Yy [v R~y N. [n y[ ~x Y.
Yp- ~x {pp xnp vv [ x[x ~ xK xK yno{p vMnpx N. Wl Rf Rr y ~v[ ~x[ v ~ tp Ry} x xlx.
lz- ny r~x tzryll {ppp ~vfv Ry}Y {pp. lyj r p~ ~tql{xp R Yy [vf rzx Y. Wv ~ v~K p{p Yfxl vf Ul~Y x xlx.
{|Y-  tpopf Rrz rh [px  R{x. ShYhK Uyv rtq Ry{z{zf Sh r~m xn.  yj vl RN[|zl{x vl Yyx.
op- lp {pp Yv~mp[l{ vv x[x ~ lv[ tzx |Yx S~vl x x. lv ~nyp ~Ktpoxp pK RlYy rsz R x Y.
vYy- n{pp, YfKu ~mp[l{ xnp vv [ x[x WlyKv lYy pl. r{z ~v[x, ~vpx [p ~zzvl {pp. U[y, tzz ~Ktpo rh{zf Sh r{. lv Yl{p Rpxpf Nnp [p n.
YKu- Sl vyjh l{YYy yj [pp R{x. K ~ Rp{| r|p{zf vl N.   yj ~ xN  n R{z vl Yyx. S{~zvl {pp.
p- vv x[x xnpx ~ {pp x. Sl RY xnK, op ,  r|pxpf Sh Rx Y.  x n|xpf xK R{~m{p n xx Y. vnz Rxcpxp pY xlx.

y Yzx

11 S ~{~ 4.52 ~f ~{~ 6.22 nY{
11 S y 4.50 ~f ~ Un 6.20 nY{
12 ~ Un 7.50 ~f Un 9.21 nY{
12 ~ y 7.52 ~f y 9.22 nY{
13 R`y{ ~{~ 3.22 ~f ~{~ 4.52 nY{
13 R`y{ Rxv 3.20 ~f Rxv 4.49 nY{
14 t n{z 12.21 ~f n{z 1.51 nY{
14 t y 12.21 ~f y 1.50 nY{
15 t~rp n{z 1.51 ~f ~{~ 3.21 nY{
15 t~rp y 1.50 ~f Rxv 3.20 nY{
16 ~Yy n{z 10.50 ~f Rxv 3.20 nY{
16 ~Yy y 10.51 ~f y 12.20 nY{
17 ~p~y Un 9.19 ~f Un 10.50 nY{
17 ~p~y y 9.21 ~f y 10.51 nY{

~l p |u pYl

11 S Un 6.56
tfy tz e vlp vvf |ux.
12 ~ Un 6.45 f
Uly tz {N, , rYj Yfxl{zf |ux.
13 t~rp Un 8.22 f
Uly tz Y~z r ~fvf |ux.
14 t Un 7.45f
p[py tz u[{zf ~KvZ r}j{zf |ux.
15 t~rp Un 10.54f
tfy tz x ty [vf |ux.
16 ~Yy Un 6.20f
nYj tz X}o rnK Yfxl{zf |ux.
17 ~p~y Un 7.25f
nYj tz ShK ~Ktpo Yfxl{zf |ux.

***

Yf ~fp
nYz { p{y Yzx Yz YywN rjl vy{

Rpyoryx {l p{y Yzx xp Y{nl K yG rrzpxp yc rzpxp vpv {pl Y vl oplvY tzrK{zp ~ox rzu  p{ nYz rn|x. {M} 1956  vaMx z r~[ Sinhalese Social Organization pK ~rYf rMx}j [pmx p{y Yzx {l Rpyory ~{ p{  Rll Isolated Province {l nYz rn~Y xp{.
~{x lx ll x { ~lrK Yj{ r~ Yyp ~p {x{no ~r|z |Y}Y v ly pvY [p Rn Yf ~fp Y}jx Yyp ztx. r~ll vn[v oKvyv rjl vy{p {p~ {h {~x Yypp p{y Yzx nYj Yz[K rl x. p{y Yzx r t {y y {~, UppY [ cpl{ r{y [l lyp {p~z pK Rnfl A nYz{p  pv t{ pK vv rlY}xp v n.
zYN r~y Ryv {~, uY}p {p~z [p r{lrlY ~fpY zx{pp n, Sl Yzly. A ~fp l Rll R~pp {|xp U l~l ryxp   YZ nvp~~xp [p ~ Up{p~z yff, [vf, R[vf WY Y x[j [p pK pN. Wl rf yfY {~y ~ [jpY oMv rayx Y vyf {hv Y uY}p {p~z [p rf [jp zxN.
| zY yvdd v Yx rzY ~uN RpFcY  ~ rzY oypoy, ycx rjl pxaMx rc vn[v oKvyv v ~my rnxp {p~ |~Y  ~vc ~{x yl ~|} v ly pv. Up {p~ Yyj y|xY ~ Yzp ~{nxYf ~|} {. {~y 44Y ru~{y S~xYf YK xp Rpyory Yz YywN | noy c}g r{p RyKu v Sp rv {pp x. Wv r{p rf Rll Yz {{p RyKu{ ~ {{ lY [z xp ~rYf xo R {K S{y r Yz YywN x. Rn vp p{ W rrl [vY r{pY Ryw phll v xp  Rux[x. Up{p~ A Rux[xf cx[{ vj p. 44 {~yY Wx r{v Tf qv n~p.
1963 cz v~ 12 { p vv r{p RyKu x. Wp {p f Rpyory ~YYxfv r{x v y r{p ~ p{y{{ yYY r{p xp r{p nY rvj. Yz YywN | noy c}g r{p ~ Y u} |~x ~{x R vl x. K r{p RyKu Y vz n{~y l |{nz Urx ~q rp r{lvf lyK vn[v oKvyv rjl vy{ oMx{pl {.
rjl vy{p[ rx n{p |}l{x N. Wlvp Yh {N [KvpxY rrl [ r{zY Urp ny{Y vx. Rpyory ~YYx Yy{ p[yxp Rl YpY r vn[v  1930 c v~ 20 { p vlvp ~pylp [vy vxp~z[ yp tjh pp vz{ Wx f. ~pylp [vy vxp~z[ vnz ~ ~pylp [vy vxp~z[ Y nvzzp vlvp[ nvrx {. rv{ R[vN ycx r~zp RYy ~l y vlvp 1939 {M}x YywN | cx{Mopyvxf rj rnnf R{| ~vjy tj nK x. 1941 c v~ 11 { p S[v | j~[y v ~my rnxp {p~[ RaMxl{xp ~ Nn[v vzzYy v ~my rnxp {p~[ Uroxl{xp vn[v oKvyv pp r vf rl {.
rnnp r~{ rjl vy{ vynpYh{z Y~~Ypn ryj ycv yx p{~Y {. vv Y~~Ypn yxf n, ~|} W~Y {pYvY Rl. vaMx ~pyl ryjlpf Rp{ [xp zx{j rv ~z zrx v {pp v x. f [vj yc[ yv pK x ~p vv yx Y t{ Wv zrx Y{lx ryjlpx Ryl nY{. oKvyv rjl vy{p v r R{x ~rYf tno x{yxY { rjl tnn[v vz{| ~{p {p~ vv yx R[plY uY}{Y z~ {h {~x Y. A Yw r{ xn Yztz ~ x. vv ~tql ~ vn[v oKvyv ~vjyxp {p~ ~x Rorp Yfxl ~q 1944 vx v~ 24 { p vlz YxY{z | ~nM|p r{pf Rl x.
K [vp n rjl vy{p[ ~|}l{x rtq {n[l ~~nx. WlY p{y Yzx | zY yvdd YxY uY}p {p~z[ ~Yz rxy r~p ~ ~KtpoYK r{x RzN{ rn|x ~{ YxY {y y r{p ~v[x. YYx[zzN uyp YGvDap ~uy Yy[v ~vp~y { v ~] rlp {p~z v~ rYf z~ RzN{ [v R y~mp{zf ~Ktpo{ ~x. r{p Rorpx ~q vlz rn|xf {hv Y p{y Yzx vzv ~vjyxp {p~ vn[v oKvyv vy{p {p~ x xlx. W~ pK p{y Yzx ~ vlz rn|x yvdd YxY ~tql R {pp vn[v oKvyv rjl vy{p ~ x.
WYz vlz YxY{z r{p v r{pY px. Wx Rh~x {~Y lyK ry tno RyvxY p{ ~~nxY rvjY x. YxY{z | ~nM|pyvx 1890 rvj Yp [jylp ~{rnxpp {p~ ~p RyKu Yyp znn. W | ~nM|p r{p RyKu Yyj 1943 cp{ v~ 03 { p  x. RyKu rNjrp {p~ rjl tnn[v vz{| ~{p {p~ {. ~~Yx, u}{, {[ n{, ry n{ { }xp Yy rlyj pvY ~l rtno x{yxY { rNjrp {p~[ |~Y ~{ yf{, oKvyv rjl vy{p[ [vp v[ ~y Yf ~ ~YxY pl. vn[v oKvyv xp Rl {p f Wv r{p WY {~yYl r~ v~Y ny S~xYf ~v  . rjl vjhzx rc rjl Yrzxnn ylpvz, rc lpnx | u R rYf x{yp ~{x Y. nlp  vn[v oKvyv ~vjy xp rz ~Y v[o nv {Yyj apnzYy R rNY |zr Yz |Jn |~l ry[l {. Up{p~ tyvx rfY ~[vx ~p r{l{p zn rfY rY}jxf r ~f 1954 {M}x pxaMx Urx zn. 1955  ~z rz ~ ~~Yl u}lx ~vl{, rju}rYy ~xp ycx rjl Urx zt. 1950 ~f 1959 lY lv [y ux { | ~nM|p ry{pv RaMx{yxY z~ p{ {~yY ~{x Y. 1959  ycx ~p rp rjl Urx zY |{nzx |~lN Yz Urxf ~v Yy. Spr~{ Up{p~ ycx ~{xf WY x.
v/YxY{z ycx nzxf rl { rv Uro [y{yx K [y{x zl, Up{p~ ~~p npY[p Wv z U~~ r rpx RyKu Y. Spr~{ Wlvp Rpyory [px[v v nzxf rl{ [x n rmv Uro [y{yx z~ ~fp lt. ycx ~{xp |v ztp lY Wlvp W ~{x Y. Sl  Yyw{ r{p RyKu Yyp znn K Yzx x. vxf Rvly{ 1963 {~y Yz |{nzx |~lN Urx n p [l.
oKvyv rjl vy{p nY} [y{yxY vpv rj [pm YMl{yxY n {. ~noMvzYyx pK |}f ~z ~l [pmx l uY {M[x ~~Yyjx Yyp [pmYyjxf r~j. Spr~{, rj ryKu ~l ~yx pK ay [pmx n, l{p{ oKvrnx xvY Rrrvn {[[ ~~Yyjx n xp [pm r Y. Spr~{ RK.. [j~p rY|pxY z~ c}g ~l ~yx pp l{l ay [pmxY n W Y{.
t [Ktn x{yp vp [ ny{p n U[lYvp r~l { r~{ p[yx {l [vp Y. Tf l YyY v Yltf zY pYyx. Wl rz tp ~y {ppf pvp v [~Y ~ Up{p~ lvp alxp {x~p pvp |Yvl vp r~{ ~x  [K rn~ {l Rr~ {hv Y. [y oKvyv rjl vy{p {p~[ rpy[vpx n vp{p~ {p nYpf ztp l{l |}x. Rn t tno rlxp {p~z |~ln[jxp r~{ [vf yff rvjY p{ tno |~pxf n R{ x.
oKvyv rjl vy{p {p nvp l{ |}l{x Up{p~ tno yvdd v Yx ~Ktpo {{. ~xK Rvyry yvdd R Yxp xK xK Yzp ~vY  R[Y [fK{z rszx. yvdd v Yx RyKu {j RzrDbl{ [y Yf [. Wx Ryj{~ x [jxp xYl {. yvdd YxY uY}p {p~ r{lvp z vnz Rlrl p[.  rucpxY { Yh ryjx pY. Yzrx z~ lz Rllp lp [l [f Rll pK RN {~ R{yjxY ul Y. px rfYxf Rpyr{ ~`z ~{y ~Y~ [l. ~{y rk r{ [vf Y~ Ryf lKt UY [l Y~ Yf x [l. Rn zYx ~Mj r{lK ~v[ [rp Yz K rrlp Ryj{~ uY}{Yf  Rp{ xv }Yyx. Wl l{vl Sl  ry YxY ~Krxxp ~Y oKvyv rjl vy{p {p~[ r lxp S{l  [~ p ~ x. Rnl [f Rllp RN {~ R{yjx Yy [p | zY yvdd Yx Rppl{ rw Yyp R~vaMx oKvyv rjl vy{p {p~f l{ l{l zY |~p ~{x yl vf ly{p ~yp [ ~ rlv.
e -ap~ ~pylp

***

~x rzrz
vMl v~ 11 ~f vMl 17 nY{

K}- {lx ~ x ~Ktpoxp ~mp[l {p~K rp{x. x pv Rx Un~ ~KvZ r}j xpxf Sh ~z~. n| x Rr} Yypppf n xrl x. Y~ {{l ~ly Yyny to rvnl{pf Sh pll pN. S{~vp tnvl{ x Y xl Yz ~v{Y n N. vx r|pxpf Sh r{.
cx {Mjx-  y~ cx RYx- 09
{}u- vnz Rxcpxf Sh r{. zu tzryll{p Yyp n{zf xrl x. RxK ztj n Rpr}l ~np vlv ~ xnK rzpx v R~y {p Rl. U~~ zop ~v[ Yfxl K  v~zvl{ x Y xlx. ~mp vyK xpxf Sh r{p t. lyj lyxp Rly y~ l ~Ktpol vl Yyx.
cx {Mjx-  z cx RYx- 06
mp- vnz Rp WlyKv |uxY Yz ~v{Y n pN. {q {ryx x ~p Rxf xrl x. zu rxcp Rlrl N. }sz xnK R N. vnz Rxcpx Yypp pK Slvl v~zvl x xlx. {lx ~Ktpoxp |uxY x. ~ly Yyny to S~vl Y  {{l A{ vhr{l{[p x Yyx. S[K x ~p Rxf xrl x.
cx {Mjx-  Y cx RYx- 05
YfY- r{ lll{xf {h RMY {|xp |uxY t{Y [p n. RxK ztj n xnK n RYx. fY lprl opxf  x Y. y} Yfxl{z Slvl tnvl{ v~zvl{ x Y xlx. pW~ pK rfzz ~[l lll{xp R Y  t. ny{p[ Yfxl{z ~MmY t{Y R Yyx. xj{f Yfxl ~z~.
cx {Mjx-  K cx RYx- 02
~- RMY {|xp vo~m lll{xY U Yyp Rl. vnz ztp pvl xnK rzpx Yy [v R~yx. {lx, x{ ~Ktpoxp R Yyp Rpr}l ~np ~ [vp vY RY N. fY x ~Ktpoxp ~mp vyK xpxf Sh r{. rf rl{z Rx ~v[ Yyp Yfxl{z  v~zvl x xlx. S[K x ~p Rxf ~{x Ul~x Yrv l ~MmY RorpxY Yy xv x YYx.
cx {Mjx-  yl cx RYx- -1
Yp-  y} Yfxl vpv {lx R|x lll{x |} xj{Y {p~YvY R pYyp Rl. x ~mp vy SzzK sz pnyx. [nyy Yfxl ~Ktpoxp v~zvl{ x Y xlx. ~ny r}x Yfxl ~Ktpoxp v~zvl pv ~ Rpxp Rly Rp{to lll{xp vl Yyp Rl.
cx {Mjx-  Y cx RYx- 05

lz- r{ lll{xpf {h ~MmY rszxY U Yyp Rl. RMY {|xp ~MmY xj{Y R Yyx. {q {ry{z x ~p Rxf |uxY lll{xY p U Yy [. |y |Yx { xj N. lyj lyxp Rly Rny ~Ktpol vl Yyx. v[z xcp Srl {p t{ r xx. W~v RxK YK ~r zvf r{p.
cx {Mjx-  z cx RYx- 06
{|Y- {lx ~ RMY {|xp |uxYx. ~vcx ~xK ~mpxYf rl{ x Yyx. zu rxcp ztx. y~ ~ly Yyny to S~vl Yyp Rl. S[K x ~p Rxf |uxYx. ~{x Ul~x ~ Yrv lp ~MmY S[vY zt [. Rp[l xj{f l{p {hr{Y ~Y~ N. {xp[p n U~~ Rx[p n Roy UrYy ztx.
cx {Mjx-  yl cx RYx- 09
op- lyvY S{~vp tnvl{ x Y xlx. ~{x Ul~x ~ Yrv l {lx RMY {|xp |uxY RlzvY ~Y~ Yyp Rl. x ~xp Rxf to rvnl vox {{n {lxY ~x [K R{~m{p ~z~[l Y. Y [vp vp tzx. ~ny UrYyx zt{ n X{p ~v[ Yfxl K  ~zzvl x xlx.
cx {Mjx- yp{p cx RYx- 03
vYy- xK xK to rvnl vox {{n ~{x Ul~x ~ Yrv lp ~vcx ~xK ~mpxYf rl x Y. fY [y{x ~zzz vox x Yyx. U~~ Rx[ Roy UrYyx ztx. ~Kvplj, ~K, ~vx Yfxl{zf ~u[ {p Rl. {lx ~ RMY {|xp ~zx xl vGfK xj{Y U Yyp t{ n r xx. ny{p[ Yfxl [p v~zvl x xlx.
cx {Mjx-  z cx RYx-08
YKu- {rY }lxp xYl Rxf zu rxcp zt [. {lx ~ RMY {|xp n ~xK xj{Y ztx. ~ly Yyny to S~vl {{ n A{ vhr{l{ [p lv[ Yfxl ~MmY Yy [pp t{ { xllx. fY r{z ~rlv pf Rrz rh U{y vl Yyp Rl. lv[ |y ~Zx [p n rN|K x xlx.
cx {Mjx-  z cx RYx- 08
p- {lx ~ RMY {|xp xrl {l{yjxY U Yyx. ShK {~ ~Ktpo{ Yfxl{z xYl N. [ny y r~~Yyjxp n R Yyx. ny{p[ Yfxl [p rN|K x xlx. X{pf Rrz rh U{y vl Y Y. S[K x ~p Rxf to R{y rvnl{p S~vl Yyp R ~ Slvl Ul~xp ~ Yrvp lv[ Yfxl{z xYl x xlx. [nyy Yfxl [p ~zzvl {pp.
cx {Mjx-  Y cx RYx- 03