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{v xlvY {p r v Rv{ yf rzY Yyx

yG yclv v Rv{ ~xpv yx vz[{f Yq{z vv R{
yG YY Yztz { rfx pn v Rv?
vp r~~n v yc. vv pK lYl rllMY{l YY pp xx v Rv N{.
K K lv~l vf vll pp Wp{n? Xx tzp{ cY rlly{z z xpp xx vyc Rr~ v Rvf N{.
K.. K.. xp{n Yn v Rv R` Jy[ppl WYY Wv N{.
K v Rv?
Rx Rx?
Rrfl vYl {xn?
XN, XN Sp B{ xpp t
R Rr vz[{ {Gv vy z pn xpp?
XN, XN, A {jf Up WYY{l |{~ p vyc
K Y n{l h [p Yl xppr v Rv
vv vycx v Rv vz[N  Yl Yy Yy SppYf WY ryfv zxG [x.
Rrrf Uh zxG [x pn? vf W rxf xppl Bp. Al YY txx {[. v Rvf{l vll t~{Y z tzpp Bp xx vyc ~l{.
K v Rv, Xf W rxf xpp Wv U{vp{Y xp{n? xx R{.
p.. p. yclv. vf pK W rxf xpp Bp p. vv p YYf Uh {~ [zzx RN xx v Rv N{.
vf Yp rx {[. Wp{Y YY vl WYY X [zz Wpp xx vyc v Rvf N{.
npp Yy{zv X [x. npp nppfv tx lx v ycx v Rvx rppN p. yclv txp txp {~x rll y x[p Yy{zv [x. v Rv Sr~ [m{ p xp Rl nYpv R~ {[p A R~zv ~x.
v Rv
Rx v yc. vv K ` Spp
v Rv txn?
vp r~~n vyc. tx v[ RzY{l p
Rx yclv Xt txn?
vYf tx{ppn v Rv. vv K Yy{z y xp{
vv Yy{zv Rl[[ xn yY R{z v yc Wx {l Yy
R y pK Ry[ll. Al R~ ly{Y{l rpp p. ql lv rxz p. Wxf xppl txx. vv Sqpv vl ry Rzzp{ x ~x YMxx xj. vv Yy Yy SppYf WY ryfv zxG R{. Wf v Rv vyc [{f {[p Rl,
Rrrf Uh n{xp {p~ Xx vYn Yypp. Xt tx p N{f ~{[ RK Rzvx Ryz pn vl Yyz xpp xz v xxp R{. KY v yclvf ~{ll{Y {j. r{ Unv v Rvf Yl Y yclv Rn Sqp lv~ vz[N v Rv p{x, vz[N yf rzYx xz lply rzzf z zrxY [z pp.
Nfp Yyjylp

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Y zz
ax xp pp
t~xp tz [x

Rl[zry ~f Ywf
xp rx{G t~ xYf
pp YpY [h{jx
p{p[h p[yx ~f

pp hYx
Rq ~x ~x
R[ y~ tzp WYx
~vyY[ Yx

l yp { z
yp vzx t [z
v{ vq~ rtxp{
R {frf tzp Yz

~ry z~ v Unx
Rx xx vv t~ ymx
A ~v R~pxY
Rxf {p{z x

prlv xpp Wpp
Yn x pll npp
S r x{Y
xl t{ r xpp

~yl Rl YmpxYx
zr[p  t[xYx
t tzvf r xpp
Rx zY {h YxYx

p[yx r~Yy AYz
[fv RN cRz
v ~p[Y Rl {j
K t~x W R Yz

v npv  x
xf p[ Yvx
R[ p{yf x{f
xp Rx {ry ~x

Sq[p R~pY ~{~
pp Rl {pvz ~
vl{yp r npY
tK  ~ ~ ~

t~x lntn Rl
~vypf Rl vl
[p YpY pp {p
 t[x  Rx {l

vq~ p{ vpy
Rx Wx [ll WY{y
~f[p ~ vlvxY
 X Rl  v ty

{llz p[yx r~x
~p[p t~x lnx
t[ pp nppfv
Wlp xppf ~x

rzx[h p[yx
tz {p ~x
ax xp pp
t~xp tz [x

Ywf t~ x R f
t{ t[x Yvf
vnz nz ~{Y p
pp nz nppf
rfM

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~p Yl
xv

pY lyp nnpY vp {~ tz Wn Rlyv[  WY lyY RpYf v~ Nx.
Uw npp{n va rM vv {h Rz  WpYf tM WYp p~rG {pp zx RN. Xv Wn ~p [{ vv YYp [xY ny{Y {h[p f[p Spp{
Rrrf Uh Sp Sp
vv Rr yj{l p. A rll{l tzpp pl{ WpYf vpp K [ r~~p Rl vf xp{ ~.. ~.. ~.. K ny{ rHhY {h[pp{n vf K ynn rHhY Rq[ppYz xz
Uw Sp {h[lln? A xY v[ R{lM
vvl vz l{ Wv lvx. tzppK Rr [ y vxf ~r pl{ tl [pp [zz z WYY x[pp ty{ rxp Wp [vp
~v
F~ vplv vj[~ Yl Yyp ~p Rlyly  K vplv cprlv{ Rr ryp Yv  WYY[p WppY. Rr Ul~{xYl xppK qf R{f z~~pf ~y~z xppKY xx r{~x.
R cprlvn? Rx cprlv tzpp Xx R~n F~
p.. p.. vplv Rr rM YDa { WlYf{l {xn xz tzpp
ly
rK{l ~ rK{ lyr fzxY l rK ~{ p ~p Rlyly rK{x rK{l[p v~ R~x.
Y Ax Xx v{ lyr fzxYf WYYp R{f WY ly{Y{l rpp pp xx x.
lyn? Xxf pv ly rpp p. l{ v~ rxY xpYf YKv ly rp xx Wf rK{l r{~x.
Wp.Y.

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rllyYyxY[ RlnK
Nxp[h Sr ~p RKvz nppY Rly n t ny{

Rp v[ RKv `f v WYYy [p xpp. v[ RKvx, vzzz nppx v Wply [ny tz Spp{. v vf RN ~zzK YH nv[p Spp Yf vzzx vx Rf ryj.
Rp v nwzz [zf WYYy[p [xl Rr [nyf xpp v npp{.
~N  r xY Rp{ n|Yx R[u[x WY n{~Y Nxp[h yYvz {~Y  v[p Rk Rk Szz ~x x.
K Spp aa v[ RKv Spp nwzzx. A x xn x[ ~t RKv Y ~zppf {{ x.
qx {... vv Xx[ RKv `f Xx WYYy[p xppK. A xf ryp {j. R[ Yl{ 1989 ~rlKtM v~x rllyxf z{.
Rx { zyY} ||Y x. R[ rxl RKvl A Yl{ zxppf vf R{~y p.
A lll Rp. A ~{Mopx. RKv vz Y~l x.
vzzx vvx Rf {fj. vv Rp [h{z v R{ rllM A r x[ Yl{ Yp x{p ~nxY {{ x. Yl{ r{j 1989 ~rlKtM 10 { x. v~xY [l {{n A [p lylyY pzj.
vv n{~Y nwzz yc v yr SpvN ~v[z pxpf Yl Y.
K Yl{ r~K Yf [p Up{p~f zrxY z R t{ vf p{.
pxY vy{l - vvl K r x  [vp y[ nw rp~zf Yq{[p Wppf yjx Yv.
A ~q n{~ x [ll XYltM 11 { x.
vv Sy rxppfl ry Nxp[h Brl Rzz {~f [~ { zyY} r xl R[ RKv - lll ~ r{z r~l ~v[ nwzzf [vp RyKu Yv. v xlvY Yyp {h~fp nwzz ~v[z pxY vy{ Rl x. Rr ~Y}jx xf ~ v R{| ~ W~ Y.
yp[ nw [z yp{p y ~ rl {nv Rr W nwzzf [xv.
SpvN vy{ f xv A r x vy{p `f { [~ Rr r vy{ Spp{ xx v [  {q {fjx.
Rx p nw [z p[ppf rfp [ll x. A Rl v{lp pN. ry v{l. nw rp~z `p A ry { tj x. nw[z Sf p[ x pxY vy{pfl vfl R[ {~ R rll rpp{ x.
K Rlvx RKv - lll[p Rl Y r { pxY vy{p[ ymxpv [vf xppf [vp Ryw{ x. [vf xppfl ry rppN Rx x. r~zY ` ymx p{l ry R ryY [ [nyf xppf [x Rx RY ` p{lj x. A R `f Rx rj tj 1983 c 30 { x. A |y SpY yjl[ p. A {pf R[ {x~ R{y 9 . K Rlvx Rx ~xp RKv ~v[ x. lzxN zz RvyYp vlxx.
[K pxY vy{ [vf Wp f pxY vy{p Y |z r~Y Up{p~ r~r~ Rp. yf lf lp lp lyjxp vy r~~ nv tp YzxY p{l Srp ~p |y SpY x RKv - lll ~x Wp r{l p ~x pxY vy{l vl Yw {[ RKv llll rvj.
[z Yf [p { zyY} x Rf nv [~ppf rfp [llx.
A, A r{zp Rl Yyppf K R x ry Rx vy lyzf [l ~ x. Rx x [x R czx [zv. x Srn [vf [x n{~ Rp W[h { { zyY} Ypv { [x R[ {~f x. ~v xY ~YY p{ Rx [~ Y~~x ~ R[ rM{ Rlvx RKv {p zz RvyYp vlx[ tzz Wzj x.
RKv v WYY lyn? Y v[ l rl. rf rp~z Y. v Rp W[h {z xpp [x. RKv R `f {z RkN Rx? Rx ~ylz {apxp xn A zz RvyYp vlx [z [~ ~x x.
Y{n K...? vYYn KY lyv..? xx zz RvyYp vlx Rrp ~p R~{ x.
Rx RKv v Xx[ Sp.. p. vv [ny R{! xp RvyYp vlx[ tzz Wzz A r x ~r[p xppf rfp [ll x.
v[ { Sp... Yn x.. xp A x t[p ~ppf rfp [ll x. Rx Yzpl{ fY Rn {fj x.
[ yYh Rp ~ |y SpY [ vzz Rx `f {[p R{ x.
vzz p zYx xp Rx ~x ry Rlvx ~nyx[ Rpl Rzz [ll x. xv vzz ~zzK Yypp xx Rx X[ Rp Rzz[p Wxf Wn ry Rlvx RKv[ ~p {fj Y [[{. ry Rlvx p[ n Rx ~x [ll x. A {pf R[ rx oMv~ yjl[ vl {~f {[p RN [{ll YMxxY x ~n x.
RrrD xx X[ l K x Wzzn X n ypl {x x. A {p f K Yl{ [K Rz r Ry  j. v ~p[ Ypny{Y A {~f rx. A v ~p[ ~v[z pxY vy{ vYy[p Up {p~f {ppf rfp [l.
~l {~yYf ry lzxN Yjhzv Rf { x [x |y SpY yjl[ x Nxp[h Brl Rzz { zyY} ||Y pp x Sr ry Rlvx v{ ~x [x K YlN rpMu{ S~x yp RYp zx{j ~nxY {{ x.
ry Rlvx RKv - lll K Rlvx RKv - lll nppf v { { Rr~ {~f xK R|{Y p{ nwzz ply{ppf Bp xx xppf rfp [ll x.
K Rlvx RKv, vz Y~ll rx ~{Mop vll { zyY} x Rr~ [ny Yq{[p xK {[v vf r{yN x.
vllx... Rrf vx pK z xpp t. Rr vx Yv  WYl Yy[p xpp Bp. {[v tyx X{ vf x ~x.
Rlv nYY r{z nYY WYf WYvl Y A Yl r{l zYx ry ~xY nYY xp f ry [x x.
nwzz RKv - lll, Nxp[h Brl Rzz Urp { zyY} x tzppf ~rl, v~rl Wppf xppf rfp [l. R{y [jpY [{j n K RKvz lllz p{l Urp xf RnM Yyp x. R[ Urp pxf W xpx. Wpx. ny{ yppf nrll Rxv Yr  Rnl Yfxl Yy.
1990  1989 zx{j { zyY}[ Yl{ . . ~. yr{x v[p rpylrl [N}j nexp[ n rMx}j {Ml Rll{ ~l Yl r{lY z~ rayx Y x.
1990  zY{f R . . ~. yr{ ~{x v[p r{lrl YMxzxY ~f vv Yl{ ~{ Y|px Y x.
. . ~. yr{xp Y [K K Yl{f zt[p tj vyf rpylrl Yl rfyff Yjp ~ayY ~v[vp Srl { xlx. YlN Rx{~Yv {p{p n|YxY[ pvY vyf  x t.
n{p {yf vv rpylrl Yl{ ~l [N}jxY Yyppf ~Y{ apz Yjhxv zY{f rx.
p{l Urp x ry Rlvx  K Rlvx RKvz ~v[ WYvl{ {l{p Yl{ W zYx ryv rayx Yj. rpylrlx |{~x zYx ry ryj Brl Rzz nwzz ry Rlv Yl r{l [p Q zY{ [pl v{ ~np [pl o rMx}Yxp rlly YzNp ~x Wppf rfp [l.
WD. hJzN. Ruxrz